Harvard University

Harvard University, which celebrated its 350^th anniversary in 1986, is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the University has grown from nine students with a single master to an enrollment of more limit 18,000 degree candidates. An additional 13,000 students are enrolled in one or more courses in the Harvard Extension School. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties. There are also 7,000 faculty appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals.

Seven presidents of the United States - John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Theodore and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Rutherford B. Hayes, John Fitzgerald Kennedy and George W. Bush - were graduates of Harvard. Its faculty have produced nearly 40 Nobel laureates.

During its early years, the College offered a classic academic course based on the English university model but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy of the first colonists.

Section II

Academic degrees and

Postgraduate studies

Focus vocabulary

arts – гуманитарные науки (humanities)

faculty of ~ – факультет гуманитарных наук

liberal ~ – гуманитарные науки (язык, философия, история и т.д.)

candidate/doctor of Philology – кандидат/доктор филологических наук

~ of psychology – кандидат/доктор психологических наук

~ of education – кандидат/доктор педагогических наук

~ of economics – кандидат/доктор экономических наук

~ of law – кандидат/доктор юридических наук

research – исследование, научно-исследовательская работа

to do/carry out ~ (on/in/into) – проводить исследования

to be engaged in ~ – проводить исследования

~ degree – ученая степень

~ institute – научно-исследовательский институт

~ center – исследовательский центр

~ student – аспирант

~ subject (topic) – тема исследования

~ worker/researcher – научный работник

degree – степень (ученая)

to award/give a ~ – присвоить степень

to take/receive a ~ – получить степень

to hold/have a ~ – иметь степень

first ~ – диплом бакалавра наук

higher ~ – ученая степень

Bachelor’s ~ – степень бакалавра

Master’s ~ – степень магистра

Doctorate ~ – степень кандидата наук (PhD), there is no equivalence in England to Russian Doctorate

~ of candidate of sciences (candidate’s degree) – степень кандидата наук

~ of doctor (doctor of sciences) – степень доктора наук

dissertation – дипломная работа (graduation essay/paper/dissertation)

oral examination/viva – защита диссертации

science – наука

natural ~ (or the natural sciences) – естественные науки

the exact ~es – точные науки

the mathematical ~ (or the mathematical sciences) – математические науки

social ~ (or the social sciences) – общественные науки

~ and technology – наука и техника

scientific – научный

~ method/approach/principle – научный метод/подход/принцип

~ work/research – научная работа/исследование

scientist – ученый (естественные науки)

to study – учиться (to learn – учить что-л., to teach – учить кого-л.)

scholar – ученый (гуманитарные науки)

learned – научный

~ society – научное общество

~ work/ article/language – научный труд/журнал/статья

но: paper – научный доклад

journal – научный журнал

supervisor – научный руководитель

supervisor (advisor) – научный руководитель

field of study – область исследований

principal – ректор

vice/deputy ~ – проректор (pro-rector)

thesis – научная работа, диссертация

to defend one’s ~ – защитить диссертацию

to submit a ~ for hearing at the session of the Academic Council – представить диссертацию для обсуждения на заседании Ученого совета.

Modern academic education in our country represents four stages: Bachelor’s degree, Specialist’s degree, Master’s degree, Postgraduate degree. Academic degrees abroad differ in many ways which is the point of our further discussion.