18. Условные предложения

(Conditional sentences)

Первый тип условных предложений (Type I)

Первый тип условных предложений выражает реальное условие.

В главном предложении обычно используется Future Indefinite (Simple), а в придаточном – Present Indefinite (Simple):

придаточное	главное
If + V (Vs) If + doesn’t V (don’t V)	will V

• If you go now, you will catch the train. – Если ты пойдешь сейчас, ты успеешь на поезд.

• If you don’t go now, you’ll miss the train. – Если ты не пойдешь сейчас, ты опоздаешь на поезд.

Второй тип условных предложений (Type II)

Второй тип условных предложений выражает нереальное условие в настоящем или будущем.

В главном предложении обычно используется would + глагол в первой форме, а в придаточном – Past Indefinite (Simple):

придаточное	главное
If + Ved/II If + didn’t V	would V (could V might V)

• If I had a lot of money, I would travel round the world. – Если бы у меня были деньги, я бы путешествовал по всему миру.

• If I didn’t feel so tired, I’d go with you to the cinema. – Если бы я не чувствовал себя таким уставшим, я сходил бы с тобой в кинотеатр.

Примечание. В данных предложениях используется “were” для всех лиц и чисел, а не “was”.

• If I were you, I’d apply for the job.

Третий тип условных предложений (Type III)

Третий тип условных предложений выражает нереальную ситуацию в прошлом, события, которые так и не произошли в прошлом и уже никогда не произойдут.

В главном предложении обычно используется would + have + глагол с окончанием -ed (или в третьей форме), а в придаточном – Past Perfect:

придаточное	главное
If + had Ved/III	would have Ved/III (could have Ved/III) (might Ved/III

• If the weather had been nice yesterday, I would have gone to the beach. – Если бы погода была вчера хорошей, я бы сходил на пляж.

• If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam. – Если бы я учился усердно, я бы сдал экзамен.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form. Type I. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. If he (eat) all that he will be ill. 2. If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once. 3. The police (arrest) him if they catch him. 4. If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes. 5. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked. 6. What will happen if my parachute (not open)? 7. If he (wash) my car I'll give him £10. 8. If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine. 9. If you (not go) away I'll send for the police. 10. I'll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes. 11. If he (be) late we'll go without him. 12. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear) about this. 13. If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea. 14. If you give my dog a bone he (bury) it at once. 15. If we leave the car here it (not be) in anybody's way. 16. He'll be late for the train if he (not start) at once. 17. It you come late they (not let) you in. 18. If he (go) on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says. 19. Unless he (sell) more he won't get much commission. 20. If I lend you $20 when you (repay) me?

Ex. 2. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form. Type II. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. If I had a typewriter I (type) it myself. 2. If I (know) his address I'd give it to you. 3. He (look) a lot better if he shaved more often. 4. If he worked more slowly he (not make) so many mistakes. 5. I wouldn't drink that wine if I (be) you. 6. More tourists would come to this country if it (have) a better climate. 7. If I were sent to prison you (visit) me? 8. If someone (give) you a helicopter what would you do with it? 9. I (buy) shares in that company if I had some money. 10. If you drove your ear into the river you (be able) to get out? 11. If I (win) a big prize in a lottery I'd give up my job. 12. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house? 13. I could tell you what this means if I (know) Greek. 14. If everybody (give) £1 we would have enough. 15. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking. 16. If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come). 17. If you (see) someone drowning what would you do? 18. I could get a job easily if I (have) a degree. 19. If she (do) her hair differently she might look quite nice. 20. If we had more rain our crops (grow) faster.

Ex. 3. Put the verbs in the brackets into the correct form. Type III. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) you. 2. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat. 3. You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be) here last week. 4. I wouldn't have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes. 5. If he had slipped he (fall) 500 metres. 6. If he had asked you, you (accept)? 7. If I (have) a map I would have been all right. 8. If I (know) that you were coming I'd have baked a cake. 9. I (offer) to help him if I had realized that he was ill. 10. If you had told me that he never paid his debts I (not lend) him the money. 11. If you (put) some mustard in the sandwiches they would have tasted better. 12. If he had known that the river was dangerous he (not try) to swim across it. 13. If you (speak) more slowly he might have understood you. 14. If he had known the whole story he (not be) so angry. 15. If I (try) again I think that I would have succeeded. 16. You (not get) into trouble if you had obeyed my instructions. 17. If you hadn't been in such a hurry you (not put) sugar into the sauce instead of salt. 18. If I (be) ready when he called he would have taken me with him. 19. If she had listened to my directions she (not turn) down the wrong street. 20. If you (look) at the engine for a moment you would have seen what was missing.

Ex. 4. Complete these sentences taking care to use the correct tenses.

1. If he had taken my advice ... 2. If you ate less ... 3. We'll send for the doctor if ... 4. If she practised more ... 5. He would lend it to you if ... 6. If I'd brought my coat ... 7. If you had asked his permission ... 8. You would have been angry if ... 9. If you leave the gate open ... 10. If I'd had a car ... 11. If Tom rings while I'm out ... 12. If I lived in the country ... 13. I could have walked more quickly if my suitcase ... 14. Your job sounds awful. If I were you... 15. They would have paid you more if ... .

Ex. 5. Answer the questions.

1. Where would you be right now if you weren't in class? 2. What would you have done yesterday if you hadn't come to class? 3. What would you do today if you had enough time? 4. What would you have done yesterday if you had had enough time? 5. What would you buy if you had enough money? 6. What would you have bought yesterday if you had had enough money? 7. If you had your own private plane, where would you go for dinner tonight? 8. What would you do if you were the teacher of this class? 9. If you could have free service for the rest of your life from a chauffeur, cook, housekeeper, or gardener, which would you choose? Why? 10. If you had to leave your country and build a new life elsewhere, where would you go? Why? 11. What would you do if you were the dean of your faculty? 12. What would you do if you were the governor of our region? 13. What would you do if you were the rector of our university? 14. What would you do if you were a successful and world-famous businessman?

Ex. 6. Read and translate the dialogue. Tell what you would do if you won a lot of money.

What Would You Do if You Won Ten Million Dollars

Radio Reporter: Good morning! I'm Jane Taylor with WELT radio. I'm interviewing people on the street this mor­ning, asking the question: "What would you do if you won ten million dollars in the lottery?" Let's start with this person here. Excuse me, what's your name?

Linda: Linda.

Reporter: Linda, what would you do if you won ten million dollars?

Linda: Ten million dollars? Well, first I'd pay for my bro­ther's college education, and then I'd buy a nice house for my parents, and I'd probably give the rest to charity.

Reporter: OK. Thank you. And you, sir, what's your name?

Robert: My name's Robert.

Reporter: Well, Robert, what would you do if you won ten million dollars?

Robert: Hmmm..., I think Г d use the money to start my own business. I've always wanted to do that.

Reporter: Oh? What kind of business?

Robert: I'd start my own recording company.

Reporter: That sounds interesting, thanks! And you, sir, could I have your name please?

Scott: Scott.

Reporter: Scott, what would you do if you won ten million dol­lars?

Scott: Well, first I'd pay off all my credit cards. Then I'd buy a very cool wardrobe, and then... I'd buy a jet... and learn to fly it.

Final Test

1. When Richard arrived at the boutique his wife … home.

A. had already gone C. already went

B. has already gone D. have already gone

2. Would you … closing the window, please?

A. mind B. object C. agree D. like

3. If the child … no better we will have to take him to hospital.

A. are B. has C. does D. is

4. If my advice …, I’ll be so happy!

A. help B. helps C. will help D. have helped.

5. This work … when I was in America.

A. has carried out C. carry out

B. carried out D. was being carried out

6. I’m looking forward … you again.

A. to meet B. meeting C. to meeting D. met

7. I’ve been sailing … , I’ve got a lot of experience.

A. since 15 B. 15 years ago C. 15 years old D. fifteen years

8. I haven’t taken enough water with me. Next time I’m going to take … .

A. much B. many C. more D. less

9. There are four lakes in this locality, … ?

A. is it B. aren’t they C. are there D. aren’t there

10. I don’t want to make you … me about yourself if you don’t want to.

A. to tell B. telling C. tell D. told

11. … last Saturday night my teacher came to see us.

A. On B. In C. At D. –

12. I would like you to let me … the project myself.

A. to finish B. finishing C. finished D. finish

13. You are not angry with us, … you?

A. aren’t B. do C. don’t D. are

14. This way is … than the other.

A. much safe B. safer C. more safer D. most safe

15. I wrote to my sisters last week but they …yet.

A. didn’t answered C. haven’t answered

B. hadn’t answered D. don’t answer

16. The passengers expected the plane … in time.

A. to land B. land C. landed D. landing

17. He … famous in his own country.

A. is saying to be B. has said being C. is said to be D. was said being

18. The tourists had to pay some extra money, … they?

A. had B. hadn’t C. did D. didn’t

19. The neighbours … each other since 1992.

A. know B. knew C. had known D. have known

20. I’m glad that the news … good.

A. is B. are C. -- D. were

21. He sent the book to John and … sister.

A. he B. his C. him D. us

22. Don’t go out! It … hard.

A. rain B. rains C. had rained D. is raining

23. She is … woman in the world.

A. smart B. smarter C. the smart D. the smartest

24. His money … on the shelf.

A. is B. are C. have been D. were

25. The patient looks much … today.

A. good B. best C. the best D. better

26. Pensioners didn’t have to pay so much for their houses, … they?

A. did B. didn’t C. have D. haven’t

27. Who … so loudly there?

A. have spoken B. speaks C. speak D. is speaking

28. I … this wonderful film when I was 16.

A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen

29. If anyone … you this news, don’t believe it.

A. tell B. will tell C. tells D. had tell

30. The drug made me … sleepy.

A. to feel B. feel C. feeling D. felt

31. Simon met his wife while she … at his hospital.

A. work B. works C. has worked D. was working

32. The book … on the table is the teacher’s.

A. lie B. putting C. lying D. lay

33. Our flat is as large as … .

A. theirs B. their C. them D. they

34. According to the rules of the library you … keep the books for a fortnight.

A. may B. must C. needn’t D. need.

35. This is my lighter, and where is … ?

A. Ben B. Ben’s C. your D. you.

36. He said he …… in Brighton.

A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived.

37. Everybody wants to know if you …… his bride.

A. is B. was C. are D. had been.

38. The memory of the accident made him ….. unhappy.

A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt.

39. I won’t go to the park if it …… .

A. will rain B. is rain C. rains D. would rain.

40. You won’t deceive us, …… you?

A. won’t B. don’t C. do D. will.

41. It belongs to a friend of … .

A. mine B. my C. me D. her

42. The boys watched the pigeons … to the sky, one by one.

A. fly B. to fly C. flew D. flown.

43. Jim is going to London tomorrow because his uncle … to see him.

A. want B. is wanting C. wants D. had wanted.

44. Have they stopped quarreling … ?

A. still B. yet C. ever D. never.

45. They don’t know you, … they?

A. don’t B. are C. aren’t D. do.

46. What was … moment in your life?

A. happy B. the happy C. happier D. the happiest.

47. I am sorry to hear that she has been in hospital … last month.

A. from B. for C. since D in

48. The house ... by tall trees is very beautiful.

A. surrounded B. surrounding C. was surrounded D. surround

49. We mustn’t climb the mountain, … we?

A. can B. can’t C. mustn’t D. must.

50. I looked at the people ... on the beach.

A. lay B. lie C. lies D. lying

51. The day before yesterday we … to the restaurant by Tom Jenkins.

A. are invited B. were invited C. invited D. had invited

52. Look! The bridge … .

A. is being repaired B. is repaired C. is repairing D. repairs

53. If he … her address, he would write to her.

A. know B. knows C. knew D. known

54. She burst out … .

A. to cry B. cry C. crying D. cries

55. This place is worth … .

A. visiting B. to visit C. visit D. visits

56. By the time we arrived at the station, the train … .

A. left B. has left C. had left D. was left

57. What do you want … ?

A. me to do B. that I’ll do C. I do D. for me to do

58. There is oxygen on this planet! We … to breathe!

A. can B. will can C. be able D. will be able

59. I … Michael for ages.

A. didn’t see B. don’t see C. haven’t seen D. don’t see

60. I … get up very early now.

A. must to B. have to C. should to D. ought

61. How much … to fly to New York?

A. costs it B. it costs C. does cost D. does it cost

62. If he … hard, he’ll fail his final exams.

A. doesn’t work B. won’t work C. hadn’t worked D. wouldn’t work

63. I’m very busy at the moment. I … for my English exam.

A. am preparing B. prepare C. have been preparing D. am going prepare

64. Ann said that she … a new dress.

A. had bought B. bought C. will buy D. buy

65. This time tomorrow I … in the Black Sea.

A. swim B. will swim C. will swimming D. will be swimming

66. I have known Dr Simon … 1982.

A. since B. for C. about D. from

67. This book … into 14 languages.

A. translated B. has translated C. have been translated D. has been translated

68. I’d like to meet a very good friend of …, Robert White.

A. ours B. us C. we D. our

69. I am having my house … now.

A. built B. to build C. building D. is building

70. Alex was sure that he … the exams successfully.

A. will pass B. would pass C. passes D. has passed

71. I’ve lost my wallet. – When … ?

A. have you lost it B. had you lost it C. you lost it D. did you lose it

72. I usually go to school … bus.

A. on B. in C. at D. by

73. Do you mind … the door?

A. I close B. close C. if to close D. my closing

74. Yesterday we … at school till 6 p.m.

A. had to stay B. must stay C. might to stay D. had stay

75. You can't make me … anything!

A. do B. to do C. doing D. does

76. Do you want … with you or do you want to go alone?

A. me coming B. me to come C. that I come D. me come

77. I enjoy … to music.

A. listen B. listens C. to listen D. listening

78. I’ll be looking forward to … you.

A. seeing B. see C. being seen D. be seen

79. The telegram is not likely … them in time.

A. will reach B. reach C. reaching D. to reach.

80. I can’t help … grateful to him for all he has done for me.

A. to be B. being C. be D. having been

81. Children … speak with their mouths full.

A. don’t have to B. don’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t

82. “ … you give me a room for the night?” I asked the receptionist.

A. May B. Might C. Can D. Should

83. Would you mind … the window?

A. that I open B. open C. to open D. opening

84. The children … play with them.

A. want I B. want me for C. want me to D. I want to

85. Nina has … passed all her exams.

A. at the moment B. yet C. already D. ever

86. I’m washing the dishes … . Could you ring me back some minutes later?

A. already B. tonight C. at the moment D. usually

87. The stock exchange is reported … by fire on Monday.

A. to have been destroyed C. to be destroyed

B. to destroy D. to have destroyed

88. The construction of a new school … yet.

A. hasn’t been finished B. was finished C. is finished D. finished

89. Nick took a book of … a week ago.

A. I B. me C. my D. mine

90. This hotel … last December.

A. is built B. was built C. built D. have been built

91. The boy said that he … his work tomorrow.

A. had begun B. began C. will begin D. would begin

92. Has he … ?

A. made this suit make C. got this suit make

B. had this suit made D. had this suit make

93. What did you tell the … ?

A. ladys B. ladyes C. ladies D. ladis

94. Your room is … mine.

A. in twice larger than C. twice larger

B. twice as large as D. twice more large than

95. I met Bill in the street yesterday. He passed by without even looking at … .

A. I B. me C. myself D. mine

96. If it were not so cold, the children … to the mountains.

A. would go B. will go C. go D went

97. I would do the same if I … in your place.

A. were B. am C. will be D would be

98. This large Bengal tiger only … in India and Pakistan.

A. living B. live C. are living D lives

99. What … at 9 o’clock last night?

A. have you been doing C. are doing

B. have you done D. were doing

100. Where … next summer?

A. will you go B. you will go C. you go D. did you go