4. Напишите вопросы в простом прошедшем времени.

1	Where / they / go? Where did they go?
2	When / they / go?
3	What / they / do?
4	Who / they / be with?
5	What / they / eat?
6	What / they / drink?
7	What / they / wear?

Прочитайте текст и ответьте на получившиеся вопросы.

A little party!

John and Julia had a party at their house last Saturday to celebrate the birth of little Angela. All their family and friends came and we danced all evening. The party was fantastic and Sam, my boyfriend, really enjoyed it. The food was really nice. I ate lots of cake and drank champagne! I wore a long black dress and everyone said I looked amazing.

THE GENERATION GAP. THE PROBLEMS OF THE YOUNG

Активная лексика по теме

Дайте перевод активных слов, используя словарь

adolescence

adolescent

bring up (upbringing)

complexes

conformity (to reject -)

delinquent children

home background (family background)

juvenile delinquency

lack of understanding

parent(-s') authority

parent-child relationship

permissive

permissiveness (excessive -)

Основные тексты для чтения и понимания Текст 1

Boy-girl relationship. During early adolescence, boys and girls get together mainly in group activities, such as school functions, parties, and club meetings. Friendships often lead to dating, a casual courtship with some sexual involvement. Older teenagers may have serious relationships with a particular partner. The amount of freedom allowed to boys and girls to socialize and date varies according to social, religious, and moral customs around the world.

The earliest age at which people may marry varies among societies. Persons under 18 are generally not mature enough to take the responsibilities of marriage and parenthood. But most adolescents mature sexually long before the age of 18 and many of them find it diffi­cult to control their sexual desires. However, sexual relationships involve moral and practical considerations. Many people regard intercourse outside marriage as morally wrong. In addition such relationships may produce serious consequences, especially unwanted pregnancies.

Despite sex education in schools and the availability of birth-control, many teenage girls become pregnant each year. Some are married at the time or marry soon after. A few have miscarriages, and a growing number have medical abortions. The rest have the child outside marriage. Teenagers who have sexual relations also run a high risk of getting a sexually transmitted disease. The sexually transmitted disease rate among teenagers is far greater than among adults.

Special problems of adolescence. All adolescents have problems from time to time. However, most young people pass through adolescence without serious difficulty. They make new friends, join clubs, and take part in sports and social activities. For these young people, the teenage years are generally happy and exciting.

Most of the problems that adolescents have are related to schoolwork, employment, finances, or peer group and family relationships. The majority of such problems are minor, at least from an adults’ point of view. However, a problem that appears unimportant to an adult may seem overwhelming to an adolescent. This difference in viewpoints may itself cause problems if it leads to a breakdown in communications between parents and their teenage children. Parents accomplish little by lecturing. They help by being willing to listen and by avoiding the temptation to give instant advice.

Most personal problems of adolescents do not affect society as a whole. But certain other problems involving adolescents are so serious and widespread that they are considered social problems. These special problems include attitudes toward schooling, the use of drugs, and delinquency.

Attitudes towards schooling. Education is increasingly important in today's complex industrial societies. More and more jobs in these societies require a high degree of specialized knowledge or technical skill. In addition, democratic societies have traditionally relied on schools to help produce well-informed, responsible citizens. Many countries now require young people to attend school until they are at least 16 years of age.

Some teenagers show a decline in motivation during the final years at school, while others are under growing pressure to work for examinations necessary to obtain entrance to university and college courses. Those who leave school with inadequate qualifications and without skills training are likely to have difficulty in finding good jobs. Youth unemployment is a serious problem in some industrial societies. Some teenagers take on jobs with poor career prospects simply to enjoy an immediate in­come, without considering the long-term implications of their choice. Even everyday living can be difficult for adults who cannot read well, express themselves clearly, or do simple arithmetic.

Many teenagers who perform poorly at schools come from homes where learning is not encouraged, but many students do not fully develop their abilities even though they receive ample encouragement at home, in some cases, parents may need to reassess the goal they have set for their children. Even able students may rebel if they feel that too much is demanded of them Parents should try to encourage good performance in school without exerting unreasonable pressure.

The use of drugs. In some countries drug abuse among adolescents causes great concern. Surveys in the United States have shown that the majority of teenagers in that country have at least experimented with such drugs as alcohol, barbiturates, cocaine, LSD, or marijuana. Some have experimented, with heroin, morphine or other narcotic drugs. Many of these drugs are physically harmful if taken regularly. A single overdose of some drugs, such as heroin or a barbiturate, can result in coma or death.

In societies where drug-taking is a problem, nearly all the drugs that teenagers take cannot be obtained or used legally without a doctor’s prescription. Alcohol is the major exception. It is the most widely used drug among both adults and teenagers. Teenage drinking is a serious problem in some countries despite restrictions on the sale of alcohol to adolescents.

Adolescents experiment with drugs for various reasons including peer group pressure, the example of parents, and curiosity. Most teenagers pass through the experimentation stage without developing a drug abuse problem. Others are not so fortunate.

The causes of teenage drug abuse are not well understood. Some teenagers may be led into it by boredom oг by an unconscious desire in escape mental or emotional pressure. Teenagers who feel genuinely useful are perhaps least likely to develop the problem of drug abuse.

Delinquency. In most societies offenders under 18 are tried as juveniles rather than as adults. Many juvenile offences are relatively minor. They include certain offences, such as running away from home, that apply only to juveniles. However, adolescents may also be arrested and charged with more serious crimes such as stealing and driving away cars, burglary, shoplifting and violent behaviour, often aggravated by drunkenness rowdiness and vandalism are other offences particularly associated wild adolescents. In many cases hooliganism in cities and at sports events involves adolescent participants. Teenage boys may belong to street gangs. On average, only 20 per cent of teenagers charged with serious offences are female.

In general, the juvenile delinquency rate is highest in deprived inner-city areas with few employment and recreational opportunities for the young. Many juvenile delinquents but by no means all of them come from low-income families. In numerous cases, juvenile delinquency results mainly from faulty parent-child relations and poor parental example, not from economic hardship. However delinquency also has other causes.

Physical growth and development. Many younger adolescents become intensely con­cerned about their physical appearance. They may com­plain that they are too tall or too short, that their hands and feel are too big or too small, and that overall they are unattractive and awkward. Late-maturing adolescents—especially boys tend to have a poorer opinion of themselves than do adolescents who mature early or at an average rate. They may also have more difficulty making friends. In most cases, however, these difficulties disappear as the boy or girl matures physically. Many teenagers are embarrassed by acne or pimples, though minor skin problems are common during adolescence. The concern that younger teenagers have about their appearance is understandable.

During middle and late adolescence, such differences fade in importance.

Social development. Most young people mature sexually by the age of 14 or 15. They are thus physically able to have children. In some societies, girls are considered ready for marriage at this age. But generally a young person of this age lacks the experience and social maturity needed to function as an adult in most societies today. People are considered socially mature if they can act independently and accept full responsibility for their actions. Developing this ability is the chief task of an adolescent.

Most adolescents become deeply involved with their peer groups – that is their circle of friends and acquaintances. These teenagers look to their peer group, rather than to their parents for approval, and they may change their behaviour to win that approval. Within the peer group adolescents also begin to define their relationships with the opposite sex.

Family relationships are important to teenagers though in ways that are not always apparent.

Social development is easiest for adolescents who feel that their parents love and trust them. Parental love should include discipline, and so the teenager who is truly loved will receive guidance.

Peer group relationships help adolescents learn to deal with people on an equal basis. Developing this ability is an important part of becoming an adult. However, adolescents tend to measure social development chiefly in terms of their personal popularity. They assume they are developing normally if their peers accept and like them. Teenagers thus become absorbed in matters they think affect their popularity, such as their style of dress, leadership ability, and success with the opposite sex. Parents may be annoyed by the amount of time and energy an adolescent devotes to such concerns. But these concerns are part of growing up, and teenagers need freedom to pursue them.

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What are the problems of sexual relations among teenagers?

2. What things are teens’ problems related to?

3. Why do young people have problems in finding good jobs?

4. Why do adolescents experiment with drugs?

5. What do juvenile offences include?

6. Name the reasons for juvenile delinquency.

7. Are teens concerned about their appearance? Why so?

8. Are peer group relations important for adolescents? Prove your opinion.