Прочитайте текст еще раз и ответьте на вопросы:
Do computers understand human languages? Why?/ Why not?
What is the function of an assembler?
Why did software developers design high-level languages?
Which language is used to teach programming techniques?
What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
Why are HTML and VoiceXML called markup languages?
Заполните пропуски в предложениях:
________ allows us to create our own tags to describe our data better. We aren't constrainer by a pre-defined set of tags the way we are with HTML.
IBM developed _____ in the l 950s. It was the first high-level language in data processing.
________ applets are small programs that run automatically on web pages and let you watch animated characters, play games, etc.
________ is the HTML of the voice web. Instead of using a web browser and a keyboard, interact with a voice browser by listening to pre-recorded audio output and sending, audio input through a telephone.
This language is widely used in the business community. For example, the statement ADDVAT NET-PRICE could be used in a _______ program.
Перескажите текст.
Прочитайте информацию о шагах программирования.
Steps in writing a program
T
o
write a program, software developers usually follow these steps.
First they try to understand the problem and define the purpose of the program.
They design a flowchart, a diagram which shows the successive logical steps of the program.
Next they write the instructions in a high-level language (Pascal, C, etc.). This is called coding. The program is then compiled.
When the program is written, they test it: they run the program to see if it works and use special tools to detect bugs, or errors. Any errors are corrected until it runs smoothly. This is called debugging, or bug fixing.
Finally, software companies write a detailed description of how the program works, called program documentation. They also have a maintenance program. They get reports from users about any errors found in the program. After it has been improved, it is published as an updated version.
Пользуясь информацией задания XVI распределите шаги программирования в правильном порядке:
D
ocument
and maintain the program
Test the program and detect bugs
Make flowchart
Write code and compile
Analyze the problem
Debug and correct it if necessary
Прочитайте информацию о том, как написать программу и составьте диалог между разработчиком программного обеспечения и студентами группы подготовительных курсов по работе с компьютером пользуясь данной информацией:
I’d like to begin the course by giving you a very basic overview of the programming process. We'll then move to the details. So, to write a program, we normally follow these steps:
A program usually provides a solution to a given problem - for example, how to calculate wages and income tax in a big company. First of all, you have to understand exactly what the problem is and define it clearly. This means you have to decide, in a general way, how to solve the problem. The next step is to design a step-by-step plan of instructions. This usually takes the form of a flowchart, a diagram that uses special symbols to show how the computer works through the program - where it makes decisions, where it starts and ends, where data is input, things like that.
Next, you write the instructions in a programming language, like BASIC, Pascal or C. These computer instructions are called source code. Then you have to use a compiler, a special program that converts the source code into machine code - the only language understood by the processor, which consists of 1 s and Os.
Once you've written the program, you have to test it with sample data to see if there are any bugs or errors. The process of correcting these errors is called debugging. Computer programmers have to find the origin of each error, write the correct instruction, compile the program again, and test it until it works correctly.
Finally, you have to write program documentation, a detailed description of how to use the program. A great program is not much good unless people know how to use it.
Unit 2
Software Engineering