- •Preface to the Second Edition
- •Preface to the First Edition
- •ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- •Contents
- •1.1 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND PROBLEMS
- •2.1 INTRODUCTION
- •2.2 CORROSION BY LIQUIDS
- •2.2.1 Introduction
- •2.2.2 Crystalline Materials
- •Attack by Molten Glasses
- •Attack by Molten Salts
- •Electrochemical Corrosion
- •Attack by Molten Metals
- •Attack by Aqueous Media
- •2.2.3 Glasses
- •Bulk Glasses
- •Fiber Glass
- •Bioactive Glass
- •2.3 CORROSION BY GAS
- •2.3.1 Crystalline Materials
- •2.3.2 Vacuum
- •2.3.3 Glasses
- •2.4 CORROSION BY SOLID
- •2.5 SURFACE EFFECTS
- •2.5.1 Surface Charge
- •2.5.2 Porosity and Surface Area
- •2.5.3 Surface Energy
- •2.6 ACID/BASE EFFECTS
- •2.7 THERMODYNAMICS
- •2.7.1 Mathematical Representation
- •2.7.2 Graphical Representation
- •2.8 KINETICS
- •2.9 DIFFUSION
- •2.10 SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
- •2.11 ADDITIONAL RELATED READING
- •2.12 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND PROBLEMS
- •REFERENCES
- •3.1 INTRODUCTION
- •3.2 LABORATORY TEST VS. FIELD TRIALS
- •3.3 SAMPLE SELECTION AND PREPARATION
- •3.4 SELECTION OF TEST CONDITIONS
- •3.5 CHARACTERIZATION METHODS
- •3.5.1 Microstructure and Phase Analysis
- •Visual Observation
- •Optical Microscopy
- •X-ray Diffractometry
- •Transmission Electron Microscopy
- •3.5.2 Chemical Analysis
- •Bulk Analysis
- •Surface Analysis
- •3.5.3 Physical Property Measurement
- •Gravimetry and Density
- •Porosity-Surface Area
- •Mechanical Property Tests
- •3.6 DATA REDUCTION
- •3.7 ADDITIONAL RELATED READING
- •3.8 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND PROBLEMS
- •REFERENCES
- •4.1 INTRODUCTION
- •4.2 ASTM STANDARDS
- •4.2.16 Permeability of Refractories, C-577
- •4.2.26 Lead and Cadmium Extracted from Glazed Ceramic Surfaces, C-738
- •4.3 NONSTANDARD TESTS
- •4.4 ADDITIONAL RELATED READING
- •4.5 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND PROBLEMS
- •REFERENCES
- •5.1 ATTACK BY LIQUIDS
- •5.1.1 Attack by Glasses
- •Alumina-Containing Materials
- •Zircon
- •Zirconia
- •Carbides and Nitrides
- •5.1.2 Attack by Aqueous Solutions
- •Alumina
- •Silica and Silicates
- •Concrete, Cement, Limestone, Marble, and Clay
- •Zirconia-Containing Materials
- •Superconductors
- •Titanates and Titania
- •Transition Metal Oxides
- •Carbides and Nitrides
- •5.1.3 Attack by Molten Salts
- •Oxides
- •Carbides and Nitrides
- •Superconductors
- •5.1.4 Attack by Molten Metals
- •5.2 ATTACK BY GASES
- •5.2.1 Oxides
- •Alumina
- •Alumino-Silicatcs
- •Magnesia-Containing Materials
- •Zirconia
- •5.2.2 Nitrides and Carbides
- •Silicon Nitride
- •Other Nitrides
- •Silicon Carbide
- •Other Carbides
- •5.2.3 Borides
- •5.2.4 Silicides
- •5.2.5 Superconductors
- •5.3 ATTACK BY SOLIDS
- •5.3.1 Silica
- •5.3.2 Magnesia
- •5.3.3 Superconductors
- •5.3.4 Attack by Metals
- •5.4 ADDITIONAL RELATED READING
- •5.5 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND PROBLEMS
- •REFERENCES
- •6.1 INTRODUCTION
- •6.2 SILICATE GLASSES
- •6.3 BOROSILICATE GLASSES
- •6.4 LEAD-CONTAINING GLASSES
- •6.5 PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING GLASSES
- •6.6 FLUORIDE GLASSES
- •6.7 CHALCOGENIDE-HALIDE GLASSES
- •6.8 ADDITIONAL RELATED READING
- •6.9 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND PROBLEMS
- •REFERENCES
- •7.1 INTRODUCTION
- •7.2 REINFORCEMENT
- •7.2.1 Fibers
- •7.2.2 Fiber Coatings or Interphases
- •7.2.3 Particulates
- •7.3 CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES
- •7.3.1 Oxide-Matrix Composites
- •Al2O3-Matrix Composites
- •Other Oxide-Matrix Composites
- •7.3.2 Nonoxide-Matrix Composites
- •Si3N4 Matrix Composites
- •SiC-Matrix Composites
- •Carbon-Carbon Composites
- •Other Nonoxide Matrix Composites
- •7.4 METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES
- •7.5 POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES
- •7.6 ADDITIONAL RELATED READINGS
- •7.7 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND PROBLEMS
- •REFERENCES
- •8.1 INTRODUCTION
- •8.2 MECHANISMS
- •8.2.1 Crystalline Materials
- •8.2.2 Glassy Materials
- •8.3 DEGRADATION OF SPECIFIC MATERIALS
- •8.3.1 Degradation by Oxidation
- •Carbides and Nitrides
- •Oxynitrides
- •8.3.2 Degradation by Moisture
- •8.3.3 Degradation by Other Atmospheres
- •Carbides and Nitrides
- •Zirconia-Containing Materials
- •8.3.4 Degradation by Molten Salts
- •Carbides and Nitrides
- •Zirconia-Containing Materials
- •8.3.5 Degradation by Molten Metals
- •8.3.6 Degradation by Aqueous Solutions
- •Bioactive Materials
- •Nitrides
- •Glassy Materials
- •8.4 ADDITIONAL RELATED READING
- •8.5 EXERCISES, QUESTIONS, AND PROBLEMS
- •REFERENCES
- •9.1 INTRODUCTION
- •9.2 CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS—OXIDES
- •9.2.1 Property Optimization
- •9.2.2 External Methods of Improvement
- •9.3 CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS—NONOXIDES
- •9.3.1 Property Improvement
- •9.3.2 External Methods of Improvement
- •9.4 GLASSY MATERIALS
- •9.4.1 Property Optimization
- •9.4.2 External Methods of Improvement
- •REFERENCES
- •Glossary
- •Epilog
Methods to Minimize Corrosion |
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gradient between the material and leachant, thus minimizing or eliminating the diffusion of cations and anions across the interfacial boundary. Using a different approach to minimize dissolution of a predominantly soda-borosilicate glass, Buckwalter and Pederson [9.16] have shown that the sorption of metal ions onto the glass surface and/or the buffering of the leachate solution caused by the corrosion of metal containers significantly lowered the rate of aqueous corrosion.
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9.4.Meadowcroft, D.B.; Cox, W.M. Dewpoint corrosion: mechanisms and solutions. In Dewpoint Corrosion; Holmes, D.R., Ed.; Ellis Horwood Ltd.: Chichester, UK, 1985. Chapter 2.
9.5.Harris, L.A.; Cross, D.R.; Gerstner, M.E. Corrosion suppression on rutile anodes by high energy redox reactions.
J.Electrochem. Soc. 1977, 124 (6), 839–844.
9.6.Amoroso, G.G.; Fassina, V. Stone Decay and Conservation;
Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1983; 453 pp.
9.7.Lange, F.F.; Davis, B.I.; Metcalf, M.G. Strengthening of polyphase Si3N4 materials through oxidation. J. Mater. Sci. 1983, 18 (5), 1497–1505.
9.8.Davies, G.B.; Holmes, T.M.; Gregory, O.J. Hot corrosion behavior of coated covalent ceramics. Adv. Ceram. Mater. 1988, 3 (6), 542–547.
9.9.Gogotsi, Yu.G.; Lavrenko, V.A. Corrosion protection and development of corrosion-resistant ceramics. Corrosion of
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9.10.Gregory, O.J.; Richman, M.H. Thermal oxidation of sputtercoated reaction-bonded silicon nitride. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1984, 67 (5), 335–340.
9.11.Wittmer, D.E.; Temuri, M.Z. Thermochemical studies in selected metal-carbon-oxygen systems. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1991, 74 (5), 973–982.
9.12.Strife, J.R. Fundamentals of protective coating strategies for carbon-carbon composites. In Damage and Oxidation Protection in High Temperature Composites; Haritos, G.K., Ochoa, O.O., Eds.; ASME: New York, 1991; Vol. 1, 121–127.
9.13.Frischat, G.H.; Sebastian, K. Leach resistance of nitrogencontaining Na2O–CaO–SiO2 glasses. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1985, 68 (11), C305-C307.
9.14.Lehman, R.L.; Greenhut, V.A. Surface crystal formation during acid corrosion of phosphate-doped lead silicate glass. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1982, 65 (9), 410–414.
9.15.Harvey, K.B.; Litke, C.D. Model for leaching behavior of aluminosilicate glasses developed as matrices for immobilizing high-level wastes. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1984, 67 (8), 553–556.
9.16.Buckwalter, C.Q.; Pederson, L.R. Inhibition of nuclear waste glass leaching by chemisorption. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1982, 65 (9), 431–436.
Copyright © 2004 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.