- •Практична граматика англійської мови для студентів 3 курсу
- •Table of contents
- •(Verbids, verbals)
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb (revision)
- •Classification of non-finite forms of the verb (verbals)
- •Verbals
- •Verbals
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Non-Perfect Active Passive
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •General Characteristic of the infinitive
- •Double nature of the infinitive
- •Verbal Features of the Infinitive
- •A: Morphological features
- •B: Syntactical features
- •Nominal features of the Infinitive
- •Other functions of the Infinitive
- •Grammatical categories of the infinitive
- •Forms of infinitive
- •The infinitive as subject
- •1. The infinitive as the subject can either:
- •Part 1
- •Infinitive as predicate
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal modal predicate
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •Not all these verbs have the same combinability:
- •To stop
- •Task 15. Use either an infinitive or a gerund or both in the sentences below.
- •Module 2 the infinitive as object
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid
- •Cannot help
- •Part 1
- •The infinitive as attribute
- •The infinitive as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose (Manner)
- •Compare
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Result or Consequence
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •Part 2
- •Part 2
- •Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Complex Object is not used:
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 3. Verbs of wishes, intentions and emotions
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of inducement
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Bare infinitive
- •Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Verbs denoting order, permission, prohibition and persuasion
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 7. Certain phrasal verbs
- •(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of reporting
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Phrases with modal meaning
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Revision of the infinitive
- •Task 67. Paraphrase the sentences below using (if possible) one of the following constructions: a) Complex Object; b) Complex Subject; c) For-to-Infinitive Construction
- •Task 67. Replace the underlined phrases with an appropriate infinitive or infinitive construction.
- •Appendix: verbals
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive without a change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by infinitive
- •Set expressions used with infinitive
- •IV. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •Expressions always used with gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with gerund
- •Gerund after certain nouns with prepositions Preposition ‘of’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Miscellaneous Prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitive and gerund used with different meaning to stop
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To intend
- •To need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •To be interested
- •To imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
- •Grammar terms glossary
(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
This construction consists of two parts. The first part is a finite verb which denotes the attitude of the speaker to the content of the sentence, e.g.
Philip seemed to understand everything I said. = It seemed to me that Philip understood everything I said. = Казалось, Филипп понял все, что я сказал. / Здавалося, Пилип зрозумів усе, що я сказав.
The second part of the predicate denotes the action which is, was or will be performed by the person or thing expressed by the subject, e.g.
The weather appeared to have changed. = It appeared to the speaker that the weather had changed. = Казалось, погода изменилась. / Здавалося, погода змінилася.
Here is the double orientation to the action which is regarded from two points of view:
from the point of view of the speaker;
from the point of view of the subject of the sentence.
Complex Subject is a dependent structure and is used only after certain groups of verbs.
Group 1. Verbs of seeming or chancing with the general meaning of evaluation
to seem |
to appear |
to turn out |
to prove |
to happen |
to chance |
After these verbs, all forms of infinitive can be used. This structure consists of:
a nominal element + an active notional verb + any form of ‘to infinitive’
Note : a nominal element = a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative case
Petra’s illness seemed to have made her eyes larger. = Казалось, из-за болезни глаза у Петры стали больше. / Здавалося, через хворобу очі в Петри стали більшими.
Ben appeared to have forgotten about his promise. = Бен, казалось, забыл о своем обещании. / Бен, здавалося, забув про свою обіцянку.
My advice happened to be timely. = Случилось так, что мой совет оказался своевременным. / Трапилося так, що моя порада виявилася своєчасною.
To my great surprise, Philip turned out to live in the next street. = К моему великому удивлению оказалось, что Филипп живет на соседней улице. / До мого великого подиву виявилося, що Пилип живе на сусідній вулиці.
Who could have thought that Mike would prove to be such a reliable friend? = Кто бы мог подумать, что Майк окажется таким надежным другом? / Хто б міг подумати, що Майк виявиться таким надійним другом?
The policeman chanced to be passing the house when he heard the shot. – Случилось так, что этот полицейский как раз проходил возле дома, когда он услышал выстрел. / Трапилося так, що цей поліцейський саме проходив біля будинку, коли він почув постріл.
Translation
There are two possible ways of translating sentences of this kind into Russian / Ukrainian, e.g.
English |
Russian |
Ukrainian |
The strange little man seemed to read my thoughts.
|
Странный маленький человечек, казалось, читал (прочитал) мои мысли. = Казалось, странный маленький человечек читал (прочитал) мои мысли. |
Дивний маленький чоловічок, здавалося, читав (прочитав) мої думки. = Здавалося, дивний маленький чоловічок читав (прочитав) мої думки. |
The strange little man seemed to be reading my thoughts.
|
Странный маленький человечек, казалось, читал мои мысли. = Казалось, странный маленький человечек читал мои мысли. |
Дивний маленький чоловічок, здавалося, читав мої думки. = Здавалося, дивний маленький чоловічок читав мої думки. |
The strange little man seemed to have read my thoughts.
|
Странный маленький человечек, казалось, прочитал мои мысли. = Казалось, странный маленький человечек прочитал мои мысли. |
Дивний маленький чоловічок, здавалося, прочитав мої думки. = Здавалося, дивний маленький чоловічок прочитав мої думки. |
The strange little man seemed to have been reading my thoughts throughout the whole journey.
|
Странный маленький человечек, казалось, читал мои мысли в течение всего путешествия. = Казалось, странный маленький человечек читал мои мысли в течение всего путешествия. |
Дивний маленький чоловічок, здавалося, читав мої думки протягом усієї подорожі. = Здавалося, дивний маленький чоловічок читав мої думки протягом усієї подорожі. |