- •Практична граматика англійської мови для студентів 3 курсу
- •Table of contents
- •(Verbids, verbals)
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb (revision)
- •Classification of non-finite forms of the verb (verbals)
- •Verbals
- •Verbals
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Non-Perfect Active Passive
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •General Characteristic of the infinitive
- •Double nature of the infinitive
- •Verbal Features of the Infinitive
- •A: Morphological features
- •B: Syntactical features
- •Nominal features of the Infinitive
- •Other functions of the Infinitive
- •Grammatical categories of the infinitive
- •Forms of infinitive
- •The infinitive as subject
- •1. The infinitive as the subject can either:
- •Part 1
- •Infinitive as predicate
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal modal predicate
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •Not all these verbs have the same combinability:
- •To stop
- •Task 15. Use either an infinitive or a gerund or both in the sentences below.
- •Module 2 the infinitive as object
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid
- •Cannot help
- •Part 1
- •The infinitive as attribute
- •The infinitive as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose (Manner)
- •Compare
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Result or Consequence
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •Part 2
- •Part 2
- •Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Complex Object is not used:
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 3. Verbs of wishes, intentions and emotions
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of inducement
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Bare infinitive
- •Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Verbs denoting order, permission, prohibition and persuasion
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 7. Certain phrasal verbs
- •(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of reporting
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Phrases with modal meaning
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Revision of the infinitive
- •Task 67. Paraphrase the sentences below using (if possible) one of the following constructions: a) Complex Object; b) Complex Subject; c) For-to-Infinitive Construction
- •Task 67. Replace the underlined phrases with an appropriate infinitive or infinitive construction.
- •Appendix: verbals
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive without a change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by infinitive
- •Set expressions used with infinitive
- •IV. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •Expressions always used with gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with gerund
- •Gerund after certain nouns with prepositions Preposition ‘of’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Miscellaneous Prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitive and gerund used with different meaning to stop
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To intend
- •To need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •To be interested
- •To imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
- •Grammar terms glossary
Revision of the infinitive
TASK 64. Define the form and the function of the infinitive in the sentences given below.
A classic is something that everybody wants to have read and nobody wants to read. (Mark Twain)
Let sleeping dogs lie. (A proverb)
It’s better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all. (A. Tennyson)
On every hand, in every land it’s thoroughly agreed – the English language to explain is very hard indeed.
The objective of a good general is not to fight but to win.
Pride sometimes makes us do things well. But it is love that makes us do them to perfection.
Destiny is not a thing to be waited for; it is a thing to be achieved.
Let people think they govern and they will be governed.
A great mistake to make in your life is to be continually thinking you are always right.
Some people do not like to be praised and find it to be a sort of temptation.
Everyone wants to be respected.
You’d better let your heart be without words than your words without heart.
I’d rather risk my Crown than do what I think personally disgraceful. (King George III)
Learn to obey before you command. (A proverb)
It is difficult to find a friend who knows all about you and still likes you.
Fish begins to stink at the head.
The joys of meeting are thought to pay the pangs of absence. (A proverb)
In travelling a man must carry knowledge with him.
It’s a funny thing about life: if you refuse to accept anything but the best, you very often get it. (S. Maugham)
TASK 65. Use the right form of the infinitive in brackets, with or without the particle ‘to’.
He was the first (to guess) what his aunt was driving at.
Philip felt a shiver (to pass) his heart.
Why (to lose) your temper over a little thing like that?
The man seemed (to study) me and I felt uneasy in his presence.
I’d like (to see) these figure skaters (to skate).
He felt too excited (to sleep).
Let me (to hold) the baby. I know how (to hold) babies.
You look tired and exhausted. You’d better (to go) to bed.
It’s very thoughtful of you (to bring) the book. We shall need it.
You seem (to sit) here for a long time. Are you waiting for somebody?
You needn’t (to ask) for permission, I let you (to take) my books whenever you like.
I was deeply sorry (to touch) on such a painful theme.
He made me (to do) it all over again.
I used (to live) in a caravan.
They won’t let us (to leave) the Customs till our luggage has been examined.
They refused (to accept) the bribe.
I’d like him (to go) to a university but I can’t make him to (go).
We could (to go) to a concert unless you prefer (to visit) a museum.
How dare you (to open) my letters?
Need I (to come)? I’d much rather (to stay) at home.
The kidnappers told the parents (not to inform) the police and the parents didn’t dare (to disobey).
He was made (to sign) a paper admitting his guilt.
He doesn’t even bother (to read) letters, let alone (to answer) them.
I felt the house (to shake) with the explosion.
I heard the door (to open) and saw a shadow (to move) across the floor.
There’s nothing (to do) but (to wait) till somebody comes (to let) us out.
TASK 66. Use the correct form of infinitive of the verb in brackets with the appropriate modal verb.
I saw a ghost last night. – You __________ (not to see) a ghost; there aren’t any ghosts. You ___________ (to dream) it.
As I was standing in the hall your dog bit me. – It _____________ (not to be) my dog; he was with me all day. It ___________ (to be) my brother’s dog.
I __________ (to do) it. It was my duty, but I didn’t do it.
He ___________ (not to catch) the 9.20 train because he didn’t leave home till 9.25.
You ___________ (to repeat) it. It was not necessary.
Who gave you my address? – I don’t remember, it __________ (to be) Tom. - It __________ (not to be) Tom; he doesn’t know it.
You ______________ (to buy) flowers, we have plenty in the garden. But thank you, anyway.
This picture may be a fake; on the other hand, it ______________ (to be) painted by one of the Dutch masters.
I said that I couldn’t find my pen and he said perhaps somebody ____________ (to borrow) it.