- •Introducing people
- •Phonetic Training
- •Training rhymes.
- •Grammar Revision The verbs “to be” and “to have”
- •Training exercises
- •Training exercises
- •English Noun
- •Training exercises
- •Introducing people
- •Training exercises
- •3. Listen to the songs, learn them by heart and sing.
- •Grammar Revision The structure of the English Sentence
- •Training exercises:
- •The plural of Nouns
- •Appearances and Traits of Character.
- •Vocabulary 1
- •Training exercises:
- •Vocabulary 2
- •Training exercises:
- •People’s appearance
- •Vocabulary 3
- •Training exercises:
- •The Brothers
- •Meet the Stewarts
- •Unit 3 Family Life and Relations
- •Phonetic Training
- •Grammar Revision The System of the English Verb
- •The System of the English Verb Forms
- •Training exercises:
- •Present Simple (Indefinite) and Present Continuous (Progressive)
- •Training exercises
- •Family Life and Relations
- •Vocabulary1:
- •Training exercises:
- •Words and expressions to be used in the translation:
- •Read the text and do the exercises after it: What Do Parents Owe Their Children?
- •Tasks to the Text
- •Read the text and fulfill the tasks after it: Work or Family: There’s a Problem
- •Tasks to the Text
- •Role Play: Family Problems
- •Grammar Revision Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
- •Training exercises:
- •III. Occupations
- •Vocabulary 1.
- •Training exercises
- •Choosing an Occupation
- •Tasks to the Text
- •Vocabulary 2. Job Titles.
- •Training exercises.
- •Accountant
- •Acrobat
- •Administrative secretary
- •Airplane-flight attendant
- •Animal trainer
- •Appliance repairer
- •Auctioneer
- •Topics for discussion
- •My Bonny
- •Intonation of different types of questions in the English language.
- •II. Grammar Revision
- •Training exercises:
- •III. Home or House?
- •Vocabulary 1:
- •Training exercise:
- •Vocabulary 2:
- •Training exercises:
- •Vocabulary 3. The interior of the house:
- •Training exercises:
- •Vocabulary 4.
- •Training exercises:
- •Vocabulary 5.
- •Training exercises:
- •Buying a House
- •Tasks to the Text
- •Tasks for discussion
- •B. Living Standards (discussion)
- •1. Let’s have a talk about the living standards. The following questions will help you. While discussing the problem make use of the words and expressions given below.
- •C. Hospitality
- •1. The Russian people are considered to be very hospitable. What hospitability is? Are you a hospitable host?
- •Topics for discussion
- •Training exercises
- •Health and Wellness
- •Vocabulary 1.
- •Training exercises
- •A. Read the text and do the given tasks. Get acquainted with Henry!
- •Keeping fit
- •B. Read and translate the text. Be ready for a discussion. Health & wellness
- •Points for discussion.
- •3. Memorize the tongue-twister.
- •Grammar Revision Present Perfect and Past Simple
- •Training exercises:
- •Then and now
- •Education
- •Vocabulary 1:
- •Read and translate the text. There are 6 parts in it. While reading it match the heading to each part of it.
- •Tasks to the text:
- •Read the text and do exercises after it. Education in the usa
- •Tasks to the text:
- •Speak on Russian Education using the vocabulary and texts a and b. Here is a passage to help you. Add more details.
- •Read the text.
- •Imperial College. London
- •Read the text "Our Institute" and prepare to discuss it. Our institute
- •Vocabulary 2:
- •Training exercises
- •Topics for discussion:
- •II. Grammar Revision Future Tenses
- •Training exercises:
- •Degrees of comparison (adverbs and adjectives)
- •III. Why Do People Travel?
- •Vocabulary 1:
- •Training exercises:
- •Vocabulary 2: the best way of travelling
- •Training exercises:
- •A. Read the text and do the tasks after it. Different means of travel.
- •Tasks to the text:
- •Vocabulary 3:
- •Training exercises:
- •B. Read the text and expand on its contents. People and Diplomacy
- •Traveling Alone
- •Traveling With Someone
- •How to Meet People
- •Tourists, Travelers, and Local Culture
- •II. Grammar Revision a. Passive Voice.
- •Training Exercises
- •Training exercises.
- •Training exercise.
- •C. Употребление артиклей с географическими названиями.
- •Training Exercises
- •Ex 5. Replace the part of the model in bold type by the following:
- •Ex 6. Read Grammar Revision c and fill in the definite or indefinite article if necessary:
- •Ex 7. Fill in prepositions if necessary:
- •Ex 8. Put the adjectives in brackets in the required degree of comparison:
- •Ex 9. Answer the following questions:
- •A. Read the text and do the tasks after it.
- •Task 1. Read the statements and decide whether they are true or false.
- •Task 2. Prepare a talk on some other traits of the English character. B. Read the text and do the tasks after it.
- •Task 1. Read each statement and decide whether it is true or false.
- •Task 2. Match the information in column a with the corresponding information in column b.
- •Task 3. Say more about Americans. Share your experience of communicating with them if you have some..
- •II. Grammar Revision. A Reported Speech (Affirmative sentences and Statements)
- •1) Утвердительные предложения.
- •Training exercises:
- •2) Imperative Sentences (повелительные предложения)
- •Training exercise:
- •3) Вопросы в косвенной речи
- •Training exercises:
- •Training exercises:
- •Revision Exercises
- •III. Business Trip. Staying at a Hotel.
- •Vocabulary 1. At the Airport
- •Airport Formalities
- •Tasks to the Text:
- •At the airport
- •Tasks to the text:
- •Vocabulary 2. At the Customs
- •Immigration and customs
- •Tasks to the text:
- •Make up your own dialogues. Before you do it study the following ways of expressing modality.
- •1. Various ways of making a request & possible replies ranging from informal to very polite:
- •3. Ways of expressing gratitude & suitable replies.
- •4. Phrases used to asked for information, ranging from less formal to more formal:
- •Vocabulary 3. Staying at a hotel.
- •Training exercises.
- •At a Hotel The Grand Hotel "Europe"
- •Tasks to the text:
- •Topics for discussions
- •Appendix
- •I. Countries & Nationalities
- •II. “Traditions and Habits of American People”
- •Introductions (Episodes 1-3) characters:
- •Formulae of introduction
- •Family life (Episodes 1-3)
- •Proper names:
- •The blind date. (Episode 2)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Grandpa’s trunks. (Episode 3)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Vocabulary:
- •Proper names:
- •Home. (Episodes 11, 7)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Episode 11 proper names:
- •Episode 7 (man’s best friend)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Proper names:
- •Education (Episode 9 “it”s up to you”)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Going abroad. Accomodation. ( Episode 15)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Proper names:
- •Elections. (Episode 18)
- •Vocabulary:
- •American traditions. (Episode 19 “I do”)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Family life. (Episode 20 “quality time”)
- •Vocabulary:
- •Episode 20 proper names:
- •Vocabulary to episode 21 “a big fish in a little pond”
- •Proper names:
- •Vocabulary to episode 22 “career choices”
- •Proper names:
- •Literature
- •Contents
Unit 3 Family Life and Relations
Phonetic Training
Listen to the rhyme and repeat after the speaker, learn the rhyme by heart:
I have a 'jolly 'jumping Jack. I scream, 'you scream
'See how 'well he jumps! We 'all scream
'Up and down. For ice-scream.
From 'right to left,
He 'jumps and 'jumps and jumps.
– Oh, no! Don’t go home alone.
– No, I don’t.
Listen to the songs, learnt them and sing.
– Baa, baa, black sheep, – Baa, baa, black sheep,
Have you any wool? Have you wool today?
– Yes, sir, yes, sir – No, sir, no, sir.
Three bags full. I’ve given it away.
One for my master A bag to my master,
And one for my dame A bag to my dame,
And one for the little boy A bag to the little boy
Who lives down the lane. Who lives down the lane.
One to the master, One to the master,
One to the dame, One to the dame,
And one to the little boy And one to the little boy
Who lives down the lane. Who lives down the lane.
Learn the tongue-twister by heart
'Betty 'Botta 'bought some butter,
But she 'says: “This 'butter’s bitter.
But a 'bit of 'better butter
Will 'make my 'batter a 'bit better”.
So she 'bought some 'better butter,
'Better than the 'bitter butter,
'Put it in her 'bitter batter
And 'made her 'bitter 'batter a bit better.
Grammar Revision The System of the English Verb
Система английского глагола в корне отличается от русской в силу различий культур данных народов. Язык является частью культурного наследия народа – носителя языка. Будучи частью культуры язык формируется в соответствии с, так называемой, языковой картиной мира, присущей тому или иному народу. Отсюда и различия в формировании языковых грамматических категорий, которые находят воплощение в грамматических значениях и формах.
Так, например, во всех языках имеются значения настоящего, прошлого, будущего времени и соответствующие им формы выражения.
Я иду, шел, буду идти (ходить), пойду и т.д.
I go, went, has gone, will go, etc.
Английский глагол в отличие от русского не имеет спряжения по лицам. Исключение представляет глагол “to be” и 3е лицо единственное число всех остальных глаголов. Но кроме категории времени английский глагол имеет категории:
длительность – недлительность,
завершенность – незавершенность,
активность – пассивность.
Все данные категории отражены в значениях и формах глагола, представленных в следующей таблице.
The System of the English Verb Forms
|
Simple verb |
Continuous to be + Ving |
Perfect to have + Ved (III) |
Perfect Continuous to have been + Ving | ||
Present |
(Регулярно повторяющееся действие; факт; действие по расписанию, графику) I write. He writes. Do you write? Does he write? I don’t write. He doesn’t write |
(Длительное действие, протекающее в данный момент; длительный промежуток времени в развитии; будущее запланированное действие) I am writing. He is writing. Are you writing? She isn’t writing. |
(Действие закончилось в определенный момент в настоящем; важен результат на настоящий момент) I have written. He has written. Have you written? Has she written? I haven’t written. He hasn’t written. |
(Длительное действие, которое началось в прошлом и все еще протекает в данный момент) I have been writing. He has been writing. Have you been writing? Ha she been writing? I haven’t been writing. He hasn’t been writing. | ||
every, always, often, seldom, usually, from time to time, rarely, sometimes, generally |
now ,at present, at the moment, this day, still, while, from to (till), currently |
already, just, yet, ever, never, lately, recently, this week, today, by now, before, so far, for ages, since |
for a month, a long time, during, since 5 o’clock, already…for | |||
Past |
Ved or V2 форма (Действие в прошлом) I asked. I wrote. Did she write? She didn’t write.
|
Was, were+Ving (Длительное действие, совершавшееся в момент или период в прошлом) I was writing. Were you writing? I wasn’t writing. They weren’t writing. |
had+Ved or V3 форма (Действие закончилось к определенному моменту в прошлом)
I had asked. I had written. Had you asked? Had you written? I hadn’t asked. I hadn’t written. |
Had been+Ving (Длительное прошедшее действие, которое началось до определенного момента в прошлом и еще продолжалось в данный момент) I had been asking. Had you been asking? I hadn’t been asking. | ||
yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, some days ago |
at 5 yesterday, from 5 to 6 yesterday, all day long, the whole day, when we came |
by 5 o’clock yesterday, before he came, by the end of the last year |
for 2 hours, when my brother came | |||
Future |
Shall, will +V (Действие в будущем) I shall write. She will write. Will you write? You won’t write. |
Shall, will be+Ving (Длительное действие, которое будет совершается в определенный момент или период в будущем) I shall be writing. He will be writing. Will you be writing? He won’t be writing.
|
Shall, will have+V3 форма (Действие закончится к определенному моменту в будущем) I shall have asked. I shall have written. He will have asked. Will you have written? I shan’t have asked.
|
Shall, will have been+Ving (Длительное будущее действие, которое начинается ранее момента в будущем и будет еще совершаться в данный момент) I shall have been writing. Will you have been writing? He won’t have been writing. | ||
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, in 2007 |
at 5 tomorrow, from 5 to 6 tomorrow, for 3 days next week, all day long tomorrow, when he comes |
by 5 o’clock tomorrow, when he comes, by next summer |
by…for |
Из таблицы видно, что каждому грамматическому значению, каждой грамматической категории соответствует своя форма выражения, например:
Present Simple – Инфинитив без частицы “to” в настоящем времени;
Present Continuous – вспомогательный глагол “to be” в настоящем времени + основной глагол с окончанием “ing”;
Present Perfect – вспомогательный глагол “to have” в настоящем времени + основной глагол в форме V+ed (для правильных глаголов) или to have + VIII (третья форма для неправильных глаголов).
Present Perfect Continuous – вспомогательные глаголы to have been + основной глагол в настоящем времени с окончанием “ing” и т.д.
Чтобы понять систему форм английского глагола, необходимо проанализировать таблицу в целом и выучить все форма в соответствии с их грамматическими значениями. При анализе таблицы обратите внимание на следующие моменты:
1. Грамматические категории английского глагола (длительность – недлительность; завершенность – незавершенность и т.д.) имеют место во всех трех временах: настоящем, прошедшем и будущем.
2. Каждое звено таблицы соответствует только одной форме выражения одного грамматического значения каждой грамматической категории. Например, Present Simple – форма: инфинитив без частицы to, грамматическое значение: факт в настоящем времени, обычное, привычное действие; грамматическая категория недлительность. Present Perfect – форма: to have + V(III); грамматическое значение: действие завершенное перед другим действием в прошлом; грамматическая категория завершенность.
Последовательный анализ таблицы под руководством преподавателя привод к полному осознанию системы форм английского глагола. В дальнейшем изучение правил употребления форм и исключений проводится поэтапно в каждом уроке.
Note:
Перед тщательным изучением таблицы необходимо обратиться к вопросу о правильных и неправильных глаголах в английском языке.
Правильные и неправильные глаголы в английском языке.
Правильные глаголы (regular verbs) отличаются тем, что образуют формы Past Simple и Participle II при помощи окончания “ed” (worked, started, stopped, decided), которое читается как [t] после глухих согласных (stopped, worked); как [d] после звонких согласных и гласных (lived, entered) и [id] после букв t и d (wanted, decided) – неправильные глаголы.
Неправильные глаголы (irregular verbs), необходимо запоминать (таблица неправильных глаголов дается в приложении к данному пособию).