Occupations

GLASSBLOWER

From what has been recorded the occupation of the Glassblower was a specialy trade that required years of training.

Glass was made my heating sand and water at extremely high temperatures and melting it into a near liquid. As this substance dried, tubes of metal and glass were inserted at which the crafter would use his breath to blow through them and shape the flexible material.

Guilds were common sources of entry for this profession and as such a highly skilled craft, Glassblowers often earned high wages.

MESSENGER

Another popular phrase of today that stemmed from the Medieval Ages is “Don’t kill the messenger”. The occupation of a Messenger was often dangerous but had its merits.

Usually the Messenger was a lesser diplomat of sorts and spent his time in service to a king or local lord. When news or a response to an inquiry needed to be delivered to a rival ruling house it was the job of the Messenger to undertake the duty.

When the message delivered was less than favorable the Messenger was often the victim of the incurred wrath. Often times the Messenger would be inadvertently blamed and either imprisoned or killed. This led to legislation and laws being passed which eventually made the Messengers exempt from punishment due to the news they delivered.

Messengers had to be skilled in topographical knowledge, horsemanship and had to be articulate. They needed the skills of reading and writing and often received high wages for their dangerous services.

MINSTREL

Minstrels were musicians. Various instruments included the mandolin, fife, flute, dulcimer, drums, violin and harpsichord. A great deal of skill and training was required to become a professional musician and those lucky enough to have proficiency on an instrument often found themselves entertaining kings and nobles for high wages.

Minstrels often would record the deeds of heroic knights and go from tavern to tavern playing these odes of homage. Not only did it make for an interesting song, but it gave the knight publicity and established a degree of respect and staus for him. Throughout the Medieval Ages, Bards became the popular employees of any knight or common man who wanted their deeds enshrined in a public song.

SCRIBE

To become a Scribe required skills in reading, writing and comprehension. Scribes not only wrote volumes of works on the Medieval Ages but were also often asked to research laws and other matters for kings and nobles.

The Scribe was often a historian, poet and philosopher. His acquired knowledge was advantageous at the workings of social interaction and his skills provided a written overview of the time period.

Scribes usually were of nobility in that the education needed to attain the post was not affordable or available to peasant and common classes. Most Scribes came from religious abbeys where the skills were learned within the vast libraries of the church.

http://web.nickshanks.com; http://hkcarms.tripod.com

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“PAUL THE BAKER”

Not only did a profession serve to earn a living but it also became a means of identity for the people who held various jobs. Many common surnames stemmed from the profession a person had during the Medieval Ages. Surnames were not frequently used as there were many clans and castes of people. It was very common in the Middle Ages to refer to someone as “James the Shoemaker” or “Paul the Baker”. Thus many surnames originated into families that still exist today.

Alderman – judge or jurist Badger – grain dealer Baird – ballad singer Banister – basket maker Baxter – village baker Beatty – food merchant Becker – bread baker Beltz – fur clothier Berman – hunter

Booker – author

Bowden – young messenger Bowman – archer

Boyer – bow maker Brenner – brick baker Butler – wine cellar keeper Byrd – catcher of wild birds Calvert – calf herder Carver – wood carver Chamber – estate steward Chaplin – chapel keeper

Chapman – salesman/merchant Coward – cow herder

Day – dairy owner Decker – house roofer Dorman – gate keeper

Driscoll – interpreter of languages Egbert – sword maker

Fabian – bean grower Fielding – field owner Fisk – fisherman Flowers – arrow maker Furness – iron smelter Gerber – leather tanner Glassman – glassmaker Golf – blacksmith Grabber – hole digger Inman – innkeeper Jason – healer

Kastper – grain weigher Kidder – travelling salesman Kohier – charcoal maker Kramer – merchant

Lederman – leather tanner/seller Mallory – armour maker

Mather – mover of grain Mercer – merchant/trader Naddle – needle maker Nutter – nut seller

Packer – salesman/peddler Pastor – shepherd Plummer – seller of feathers Rader – wheel maker Renner – runner/messenger Roper – rope maker/seller Royer – wheel maker

Sagar – carpenter Sellers – saddlemaker

Sherman – shearer of sheep Silver – silver merchant

Skinner – leather tanner/fur merchant Singer – dinger of ballads

Stringer – string/cord maker Swift – courier/messenger Towers/Tanner – tanner of leather Taylor – maker of fine clothing

Winkler – storekeeper

English		TOPICAL JOURNEY
32			Describe Your
May 2013

CONVERSATION QUESTIONS

•If you could own your own business, what would it be?

•If you had to choose between a satisfying job and a well-paid one, which would you choose?

•Name three occupations that you could do.

(For example, be a mortician)

•Name three occupations that you could never do?

•What are some common occupations in your country?

•Is it common for men and women to have the same jobs in your country?

•What are some common jobs for men in your country?

•What are some common jobs for women in your country?

•What are some jobs that children do?

•What are some jobs that you think would be boring?

•What are some jobs that you think would be fun?

•What are some questions that are frequently asked in a job interview?

•What should you not do during a job interview?

•What does your father do? (What does your father do for a living?)

•What does your mother do?

•What job(s) do you wish to have in the future?

•What kind of volunteer work have you done?

•When you were a child, what job did you want to have when you grew up?

•Which jobs do you think are the most prestigious?

•Who among the people you know has the most interesting job? What is it?

•Would you consider the military as a career choice? Why or why not?

•Would you consider yourself to be an ambitious person at work?

•Would you describe yourself as a workaholic?

•Would you like a job in which you travelled a lot?

•Would you like a job that required you to sit at a computer all day?

•Would you like to do the same job for the rest of your life?

•Would you like to work in an office? Why or why not?

•Would you rather be a doctor or a banker?

•Would you rather work inside or outside?

•How much money do you need to make your dreams and desires come true?

•Would you like to have a management position?

•What are the pros and cons of being a manager?

•What are the qualities a good boss should have?

•What is a fair wage for the skills you have?

•Who would you hire an employee with a lot of experience or an employee with a lot of education?

•Do you think it is more important to make a lot of money or to enjoy your job?

•Do you think it's acceptable for women to be in the military? Why/why not?

•Do you think people over 65 should be made to retire?

•Do you think women and men should be paid the same for the same job?

•Do you think women are good bosses?

Each student chooses/is assigned one occupation. Below you can find some samples of job descriptions. Students might do further research. They must report to the class:

1.What the main job description is.

2.What kind of training/education/talents are needed.

3.Where they might work.

4.If they would wear anything special.

5.If they need any special tools or equipment.

6.If the job is more suitable for a man or a woman and why.

7.If this job might pay well in Russia, in Europe or America.

8.If they would have any interest in this occupation. Why or why not.

ACCOUNTANT

Applies principles of accounting to analyze financial information and prepare financial reports: complies and analyzes financial information to prepare entries to accounts, such as general ledger accounts, such as general ledger accounts, documenting business transactions, analyzes financial information detailing assets, liabilities, and capital, and prepares balance sheet, profit and loss statement, and other reports to summarize current and projected company financial position, using calculator or computer.

ACROBAT

Entertains audience by performing difficult and spectacular teats, such as leaping, tumbling, and balancing, alone or as member of team, originates act or adapts stock presentations. May use equipment, such as chairs and teeter board, may juggle.

ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARY

Keeps official corporation records and executes administrative policies determined by or in conjunction with other officials: prepares memorandums outlining and explaining administrative procedures and policies to supervisory workers, plans conferences, directs preparation or records, such as notices, minutes, and resolutions for stockholders’ and directors’ meetings, directs recording or company stock issues and transfers, acts as custodian of corporate documents and records.

AGRONOMIST

Conducts experiments or investigations in field-crop problems and develops new methods of growing crops to secure more efficient production, higher yield, and improved quality: plans and carries out breeding studies at experiment stations or farms to develop and improve varieties of field crops, such as cotton, tobacco, or cereal with respect to characteristics, such as yield, quality, adaptation to specific soils or climates, and resistance to diseases and pests.

Studies crop production to discover best methods of planting, cultivation, harvesting, and effects of various climatic conditions on crops.

AIRPLANE-FLIGHT ATTENDANT

Performs variety of personal services conducive to safety and comfort of airline passengers during flight: greets passengers, verifies tickets, records destinations, and directs passengers to assigned seats, assists passengers to store carry-on luggage in overhead, garment, or under seat storage, explains use of safety equipment, such as seat belts, oxygen masks, and life jackets, walks aisle of plane to verify that passengers have complied with federal regulations prior to take off, serves previously prepared meals and beverages, observes passengers to detect signs of discomfort, and issues palliatives

Sources: http://www.occupationalinfo.org

Future Job

to relieve passenger ailments, such as airsickness and insomnia, administers first aid according to passenger distress when needed.

ANIMAL TRAINER

Trains animals to obey commands, compete in shows, or perform tricks to entertain audience: evaluates animal to determine temperament, ability, and aptitude for training, conducts training program to develop desired behaviour, may organize a format of show, may conduct show, may cue or signal animal during performance, may rehearse animal according to script for motion picture or television film, stage or circus program, may train guard dog to protect property, may teach a guide dog and master to function as a team, may feed, exercise, and give general care to animal.

ART DIRECTOR

Formulates concepts and supervises workers engaged in executing layout designs for a art work and copy to be presented by visual communications media, such as magazines, books, newspapers, television, posters, and packaging: reviews illustrative material and confers with a client or individual responsible for presentation regarding budget, background information, objectives, presentation approaches, styles, techniques, and related production factors, formulates a basic layout design concept and conducts research to select and secure suitable illustrative material, or conceives and assigns production of material and detail to artists and photographers.

ASSISTANT PRINCIPAL

Administers school student personnel program in primary or secondary school, and counsels and disciplines students, performing any combination of following tasks: formulates student personnel policies, such as code of ethics, plans and supervises school student activity programs, gives individual and group guidance for personal problems, educational and vocational objectives, and social and recreational activities, talks with and disciplines students in cases of attendance and behaviour problems, supervises students in attendance at assemblies and athletic events, walks about school building and property to monitor safety and security or directs and coordinates teacher supervision of areas such as halls and cafeteria, observes and evaluates teacher performance, maintains records of student attendance.

ATTENDANT, ARCADE

Assists patrons of amusement facility, and performs minor repairs on game machines: explains operation of game machines to patrons and exchanges coins for paper currency, listens to patron complaints regarding malfunction of machines, removes coin accepter mechanism of machines, using a key, and observes mechanism to detect causes of malfunctions, such as bent coins, slugs, or foreign material.

AUCTIONEER

Sells articles at auction to highest bidder: appraises merchandise before sale and assembles merchandise in lots according to estimated value of individual pieces or the type of article, selects an article to be auctioned at suggestion of bidders or by own choice, appraises article and determines or asks for a starting bid, describes merchandise and gives information about article, such as history and ownership, in order to encourage bidding, continues asking for bids, attempting to stimulate buying desire of bidders, closes sale to highest bidder, may write auction catalog and advertising copy for local or trade newspapers and periodicals.

http://www.alec.co.uk

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US TOP TEN MOST POPULAR

CAREERS FOR 2013

•Network Systems Analysts: The development of IT has led to an increase in organizations seeking for installation and maintenance of networked communications. Systems analysts solve problems related to networked computer technology.

•Physician's Assistant: Physician assistants are trained to provide diagnostic, therapeutic and preventative healthcare services, as overseen by a physician. Primary healthcare settings include family medicine and pediatrics.

•Medical Assistants: The growing healthcare sector means more administrative and clinical tasks need to be performed. Other medical assistants can help with clinical tasks. Typically, work takes place in the offices of physicians, chiropractors, podiatrists, ophthalmologists and other health practitioners.

•Medical Records and Health Information Technicians: Case and healthcare records are increasingly used for organizational management and ongoing evaluation of healthcare progress. Records might include patient medical history, symptoms, treatments, tests, outcomes, etc. Medical tests and information management are major growth areas.

•Software Engineers: As IT continues to evolve, so does the work of computer software engineers, who design and develop new computer software systems. The engineer analyses users’ needs and designs software or programs to meet these needs.

•Physical Therapist Aides: The number of individuals with disabilities or limited physical function is growing, so the number of assistants who provide services to alleviate the difficulties is set to increase.

•Fitness Trainers: Aerobics instructors and fitness trainers lead groups and individuals in a range of exercise activities. More people are spending time and money on their leisure activities, meaning employment opportunities for fitness instructors will grow.

•Database Administrators: Many organizations now depend on the instant availability of data. Database administrators work with the relevant software to retrieve and present data.

They need to understand every aspect of an organization’s database system, from its performance to security and the platform it runs on.

•Veterinary Technicians: Expectations for leading edge veterinary care are rising as healthcare in general progresses. Veterinary technicians perform tests, and treat and diagnose medical conditions in animals. Work can take place in domestic pet surgeries, livestock management, wildlife medicine, or pharmaceutical sales or biomedical research.

•Dental Hygienists: As our healthcare involves an increasing emphasis on oral health and retention of natural teeth, work opportunities for dental hygienists are set to grow. Hygienists examine patients’ gums and teeth, remove deposits, administer x-rays, and more.

English		TOPICAL JOURNEY
34			Dream Jobs
May 2013
JOB INTERVIEW QUESTIONS				CHOCOLATE CONSULTANT

1.Tell me about yourself.

2.How would you describe yourself? (character / personality)

3.Are you married? Single? Do you have a partner?

4.What are your strengths / weaknesses?

5.What do you do in your free time? What are your hobbies? / Do you have any hobbies?

6.Why are you interested in working for our company? Why do you want to work for this company?

7.What type of position do you think you are suited for / would suit you?

8.How would you describe the position we have to offer?

9.What aspects of the position are you most / least interested in?

10.What would you like to find in this job that you didn’t have in your previous job?

11.How do you think you could develop the position? What would be your strategy to develop the position?

12.What have you got to offer us? What could you contribute to our company?

13.What do you think you gained by working in your last job?

14.What were you responsible for? What did your job involve?

15.What do you think of your (last) boss?

16.Why do you want to leave your present job? Why do you want to change jobs?

17.What are your salary requirements? How much would you hope to earn in this position? How much do you think you should be offered for this position? What salary would you expect (to be offered) for this position?

18.Have you received any offers of a job?

19.Why have you had to look for a job for so long? Why have you been looking for a job for so long? Why did it take so long to find a new job?

20.How do you feel about your future in the profession?

21.Have you had any failures? What failures have you had? Have you had any negative experiences?

22.What sort of obstacles have you come across / encountered in your work?

23.If you had to recruit colleagues, what qualities would you look for?

24.Would you be willing to relocate/to move to another part of the country/to work abroad?

25.Don’t you think you have too much experience / you are over-qualified for this job?

26.How long do you think you would stay with us? If we offered you this job, how long would you expect to stay with us?

27.Which do you prefer: to work alone or in a team? Do you prefer working alone or with other people as part of a team?

28.Do you know how to manage a team? Are you capable of leading a team? Do you think you have the ability to be a team leader?

29.Why should I recruit you? How could you persuade me to recruit me?

30.Do you have any comments to make, or any questions to ask?

Compiled by Tatyana Makhrina

This could well be the ultimate job for anyone with even the smallest craving for chocolate – and yes jobs like these really do exist. There are lots of different types of chocolate consultant too: from people that work with high street brands and liaise directly with their outlets to people that work with more niche brands.

Louise Thomas has worked in the chocolate industry for two years and has been passionate about chocolate for more than six years. She became frustrated by the

lack of education and awareness regarding fine chocolate, so started her own company to share her love of the cocoa bean. She now runs events and tastings – similar to wine tastings – as well as doing consultancy for hospitality and retail, to find a particular chocolate for a client or extend their range.

If you don’t yet have what it takes to be a chocolate consultant you can still work with chocolate as a pastry chef.

LEGO SCULPTOR

Who hasn’t at some point in their life sat down in front of a box of LEGO and set about building (or helping to build) a fantastic creation in multi-coloured blocks? For some people this becomes more than just something you did as a kid.

LEGO has a number of certified professionals who work with the company to create sets and build models for them.

They work against fairly tight budgets and thematic constraints, and are based in Legoland Discovery Centres around the world. But competition for the jobs is fierce, with estimates varying as to exactly how many there are in the world – from nine to 30. The latest one to get a job was 23-year-old Andrew Johnson who submitted a clever video, then competed in a

hard core three-round build off, allegedly fighting off 45 other competitors.

If you love childhood toys but don’t fancy building them, why not consider joining the retail sector and work in a toy shop?

ISLAND CARETAKER

OK, everyone lists this but what a job! It was advertised as “Officially the best job in the world” in 2009 and involved working for the Queensland Tourism Board. The role was a newly created position designed to help promote the Islands of the Great Barrier Reef to the world.

Briton Ben Southall won the job, earning £73,400 to live on an island in the Great Barrier Reef for six months, swimming, exploring and generally enjoying himself whilst filming and blogging about all the fun he was having. And it didn’t end there, after his six-month stint on the island, Ben went onto become Global Tourism Ambassador at Tourism Queensland.

If you’re not lucky enough to land a job caretaking an exotic island then the travel and tourism industry can still take you to some pretty interesting places.

PROFESSIONAL SLEEPER

If you’re addicted to the snooze button on your alarm or spend all day at your desk yawning and drinking cups of coffee to stay awake, then maybe you should consider turning your vice into a profitable career. Believe it or not you can actually get paid to don your Pjs and catch some Zs.

Typically, professional sleepers participate in university studies on sleep or dreams, but others make sure beds are comfortable. In 2009 during an art show at The New Museum of Contemporary Art, women were paid to sleep as part of a “living art” exhibition, so you never no where you could be asked to rest your head next.

If you enjoy your sleep, you probably want to avoid these sleep-deprived jobs.

Sources: http://www.totaljobs.com

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