4. 5) Usually, plants should be spaced with consideration to their mature size. Plants in large areas or groups are generally spaced to cover an area in 3 to 5 years. Piants should be spaced far enough from the house so that there is adequate air circulation near the house. Generally, space plants from the house by at least the distance of the plant radius at maturity. Spacing plants too close to the house is a common mistake.

5. 1. Read the text and find the passages where the following ideas are expressed:

6. П Snacinp nlants too close to the house is a common mistake. 2) Landscape

7. / — |- - СЭ i / J.

8. designers must also be aware of insect and disease problems for plants they expect to include in a plan. 3) Plant selection is the last step in the design process. 4) Plants in some locations must be tolerant of human abuse, air pollution and animals. 5) Plants can be selected to tolerate varied soil conditions.

2. Ask 10 general questions on the text for your groupmates to answer,

3. Read the text again, divide it into logical parts and entitle each part so as to make a plan.

4. Write a summary of the text according to your plan,

9. IbXt 5

10. Read the text and discuss it with your groupmates.

11. Completing the Plan

12. Once you have put all the relevant detail on the plan it becomes a valuable document. You should protect and store it after taking several copies of it, using these for the field work since plan copies soon become faded, torn or dirty in the garden. Copies should also be taken to nurseries for advice or reference. Perhaps you will consult a contractor to cany out some of the work, so he or she will need copies for pricing. Once you feel that the plan is finalized, it can be well worth inking it in. This really does make it permanent and it should last for years. You may be surprised how often you need to refer back to the original, especially if you have planned to realize the project over several years.

13. Realizing the plan

14. The plan is the first but vital step towards the creation of a beautiful and functional garden and it is hoped that you will derive a great deal of pleasure from preparing it. However, it really is only the beginning. Just as it was

15. important to work through many stages in an organized manner to reach this point, it is equally important to work out a strategy when realizing the plan.

16. So, decide on what work can be done without help and what can't. Then plan the logistics of the operation and draw up a timetable; it is best to make sure that the work coincides with the appropriate seasons.

17. For a completely new garden, a logical sequence of operations would run as follows:

1. Site clearance (protect any trees and plants retained).

2. Land forming (first remove top soil for later replacement).

18. 3. Marking out the borders and other areas using canes and string or the environment-friendly paint sprays that are now available (2 and 3 are interchangeable depending on the circumstances).

4. Laying foundations for walls.

5. Constructing the walls.

6. Laying foundations for paving, including front drive.

7. Laying the paving (except front drive).

8. Top soiling, or top soil replacement.

9. Preparing the soil for planting.

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11. Planting.

12. Preparation of proposed grassed areas.

13. Sowing grass or turfing.

14. Completion of front drive.

15. Cleaning up and final touches.

20. Work should begin at the rear of a house (if access is via the front) and then continue in such a way as to ensure that work already done is not damaged by pedestrians or vehicular traffic having to pass over it to reach uncompleted areas. Thus, work usually continues at the sides, and the front garden is left untouched almost until last.

21. If a contractor is employed, do take up references and check credentials. Preferably engage a person (or organization) who belongs to a recognized trade, professional group or association. It is usually better to get quotations that are a fixed nrice rather than an estimate. Check, too. that the onerator is luiiv insured.

1. Look through the text again and give its summary.

2. Say whether the following statements are true or false: