16. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What is petroleum? 2. What does the process of distillation yield? 3. What is the boiling point of kerosene? 4. What is called “residual oil”? 5. In what branches of industry is petrol used as fuel? 6. What can you say about the using of kerosene and gas oil? 7. What does the additional distillation of residual oil yield? 8. What kinds of lubricants do you know? 9. What is meant by oil tar? Where is it used? 10. What is known as “paraffin wax”? Where is it used? 11. What can you say about commercial vaseline? 12. What are the main petroleum products?

17. Перескажите текст “Petroleum Products and Their Uses”, используя вопросы упражнения 16.

18. Запомните следующие слова:

refining – переработка

fuel – топливо

lubricating oils – смазочные масла

rubber – каучук

spirits – спирты

Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы:

Crude oil contains many different materials. From the crude oil by the process of refining we obtain petrol, paraffin and other products.

Oil and gas are the cheapest fuel. There is a great demand for motor fuel, reactive fuel and different lubricating oils, and this demand increases every year. Besides, oil and gas are the most valuable materials necessary for production of synthetic rubber, spirits, technical oils, synthetic materials, etc.

What does crude oil contain?

By what process do we obtain petrol and paraffin from the crude oil?

What kinds of the cheapest fuel do you know?

What demand increases every year?

What production are oil and gas necessary for?

Запомните следующие слова:

valuable – ценный

fuel – топливо

main – главный

raw material – сырье

hydrogen – водород

carbon black – сажа

chlorine – хлорный

derivatives – производные

Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопрос “What is the use of natural gas?”

Natural gas is valuable not only as a fuel. It is an important chemical raw material for industry. From methane, its main component, it is possible to obtain hydrogen, acetylene, carbon black and various chlorine derivatives.

19. Продолжите диалог:

- What problems will you deal with if you choose the branch of petroleum and gas refining or if you become an expert in synthesis of petrochemicals?

- I suppose, I’ll deal with designing and operating various plants. I’ll work at a research institute or a laboratory. It should be noted that at the plants petroleum and its numerous derivatives and hydrocarbon gases are processed into fuels, gasolines, lubricating oils, greases and many other finished products. They are also processed into raw materials and by – products for the synthesis of petrochemicals …

20. Английский юмор:

Long Formula

The chemistry professor asked his students: “Anyone knows the formula of water?”

“Sure. That’s easy,” said one student.

“What is it?”

“H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O.”

“What, what?” reasked the professor.

“H to O,” explained the chemistry expert.

Note:

H to O = H2O (игра слов, основанная на одинаковом звучании предлога to и числительного two).

Урок 10

PETROLEUM REFINING

Грамматика: 1. Пассивный залог.

2. Бессоюзное присоединение придаточных предложений.

Текст: Petroleum Refining

1. Прочтите вслух следующие слова:

– similar, brick, mixture, residual, consist

– pipe, divide, hydrocarbon, height, alkali

– heat, steam, repeat

– head, heavy, petrol, kerosene, several, collect, condense

– vapour, casing, obtain, retain, main

– column, accomplish, product, horizontal, bottom

– boil, point, coil

– petroleum, process

– coarse, according, store

– operation, separation, distillation

2. Прочтите следующие слова, обращая внимание на ударение:

operate [ ], orifice [ ], facilitate [ ], volatile [ ], gradually [ ], continuous [ ], impurity [ ], commercial [ ], technique [ ], process [ ] – to process [ ], separate [ ] – to separate [ ], atmosphere [ ] – atmospheric [ ], purify [ ] – purification [ ], product [ ] – to produce [ ].