14. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What process follows the separation of the casing-head gases? 2. What is distillation used for? 3. Where is the industrial distillation of petroleum accomplished? 4. What does a continuously-operating plant consist of? 5. The cuts are separate mixtures of hydrocarbons according to their boiling points, aren’t they? 6. Is the pipe still lined inside with fire brick? 7. How is the still heated? 8. What temperature is the petroleum heated to inside the coil? 9. What does the fractionation column look like? 10. What are bubble plates? 11. What cuts are produced in the fractionation column? 12. What are sulphuric acid and alkali used for? 13. Where is the residual oil formed distilled?

15. А) Опишите трубчатую печь.

б) Опишите процессы, происходящие в ректификационной колонне.

16. Запомните следующие слова:

petroleum – нефть

petrol – бензин

to obtain – получать

mixture – смесь

to occur – встречаться

hydrocarbons – углеводороды

to assume – принимать

state – состояние

application – применение

solid – твердый

heat – тепло

slight – небольшой

to cause – заставлять, вызывать

further – дальнейший

boiling point – температура кипения

to convert – превращать

vapors – пары

transmutable – способный к превращению

Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопросы:

Petroleum is the name of the mineral that comes from under the ground and from which petrol is obtained.

Petroleum is a mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons which may assume either the solid, liquid or gaseous state. These three phases of petroleum are transmutable one into the other by the application of changes in temperatures and pressure. Some of the constituents of petroleum are solid at ordinary earth temperatures. But the application of heat to produce a slight rise in temperature will cause them to assume liquid form and further heating to the boiling point will convert them into gases and vapors.

1. What is the name of the mineral that comes from under the ground?

2. What is petrol obtained from?

3. What states may petroleum assume?

4. Are these three phases of petroleum transmutable one into the other?

5. What will the application of heat produce?

Прочтите слова и запомните их:

to vary – изменяться nitrogen – азот

deposit – месторождение sulphur – сера

saturated – насыщенный high-molecular – высокомолекулярный

content – содержание compound – соединение

aromatic – ароматический resin – смола

apart from – кроме asphaltic – асфальтовый

include - включать

Прослушайте текст и определите, соответствует ли содержание названию текста:

The composition of petroleum

The composition of petroleum varies from one deposit to another. Some types of petroleum are rich in saturated hydrocarbons (for example, the petroleum in Western Ukraine). Other types of petroleum have a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons (for example, the petroleum in the Urals). Apart from hydrocarbons, petroleum also contains organic compounds. These compounds include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and other elements. Petroleum also contains high-molecular compounds in the form of resins and asphaltic substances.

Ответьте кратко на вопросы:

1. Does the composition of petroleum vary from one deposit to another?

2. Are some types of petroleum rich in saturated hydrocarbons?

3. Do other types of petroleum have a high content of aromatic hydrocarbons?

4. Does petroleum also contain organic compounds?

5. These compounds include oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, don’t they?

6. Petroleum also contains high-molecular compounds in the form of resins and asphaltic substances, doesn’t it?