7. Запомните:

В придаточных предложениях в английском языке, вводимых союзными словами who, which, that (который), союзное слово может опускаться, если оно не является подлежащим придаточного предложения. При переводе этих предложений на русский язык следует восстановить пропущенное слово:

The book you gave me was very interesting. = The book that you gave me was very interesting. – Книга, которую ты дал мне, была очень интересная.

Если союзное слово имеет перед собой предлог, то в случае бессоюзного подчинения, предлог ставится в конце придаточного определительного предложения.

I invited the girl I work with. = I invited the girl with whom I work. – Я пригласил девушку, с которой я работаю.

The book you told me about is on the table. = The book about which you told me is on the table. – Книга, о которой ты говорил мне, лежит на столе.

Союзные слова не опускаются, если они являются подлежащим придаточного определительного предложения.

The book which (that) is on the table is very interesting. – Книга, которая лежит на столе, очень интересная.

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное присоединение придаточных определительных предложений.

1. Lubricants differ in properties depending upon the hydrocarbons they contain. 2. By processes similar to those we considered earlier the residual oil vapour is fractionated in the column into cuts. 3. Any mineral a metal can be obtained from is called an ore. 4. We find rock beneath the soil the surface of the earth is covered with. 5. The process oxygen takes part in is known as oxidation. 6. Some polymers the scientists discovered possess remarkable properties.

8. Задайте вопросы к следующим предложения, заменив подчеркнутые слова вопросительными (What, Where, When, How, etc.):

1. The liquid part of the petroleum passing downwards through the bubble plates forms residual oil. 2. Superheated steam is supplied at the bottom of the column. 3. The processes of evaporation and condensation repeated on plate after plate make for the better fractionation of the petroleum. 4. As they pass through heat exchangers, the cuts give up their heat to petroleum about to enter the pipe still. 5. The cuts are then purified by means of sulphuric acid and alkali. 6. Cuts, after purification, yield various lubricants. 7. The atmospheric unit serves to distill petroleum.

9. Найдите придаточные определительные предложения. Переведите на русский язык.

1. The problem he has chosen for his report is very acute. 2. All other problems we discussed at the meeting are also of great importance. 3. Many people I work with are my friends. 4. Here is the house I live in. 5. The method he is insisting upon is reliable. 6. Now Peter lives in the house he has built of wood. 7. The facts he referred to were very interesting. 8. The story he has told you is a product of his imagination. 9. “Tommy” is an archaic British slang term people referred to army rations. 10. It was a clerical error he had to rectify. 11. The money her mother had left her was not enough to take her through the winter.