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ТЕКСТ А Mining Education in Great Britain

In Great Britain the students get mining education at special colleges and at mining departments of universities.

For example, the Mining Department at the University of Nottingham ranks as one of the foremost teaching and research mining schools in Great Britain. The students come to the Univer­sity from all parts of the country and from abroad. The close proxim­ity of Nottingham to mines extracting coal and different metals makes it possible for the University to keep in close touch with new achievements in mining.

The aim of training at the University is to give the student an understanding of applied science based on lectures, tutorial system,¹ laboratory work and design classes. The laboratory work trains the student in accurate recording of observations, drawing of logical conclusions and presentation of scientific reports. Besides, it gives the student an understanding of experimental methods and familiarizes him (or her) with the characteristics of engineering materials, equipment and machines.

At Nottingham there are two types of laboratories, general and Specialized. General laboratories deal with the fundamentals of engi­neering science and specialized ones¹ study the more specialized problems in different branches of engineering.

During the final two years of his course the student gets a compre­hensive training in surveying. Practical work both in the field and in drawing classes forms an important part of this course. Besides, the students have practical work in survey camps during two weeks. The equipment available for carrying out traversing, levelling, tacheometric and astronomical surveying is of the latest design.

The practical and laboratory work throughout the three or four years of study forms a very important part of the course, so the stu-

dents obtain the required standard in their laboratory course work before they graduate.

British educational system is fee-paying.³ The annual fee in­cludes registration, tuition, examination, graduation and, in the case of full-time students, membership of the Union of Students.

Students from all over the world (nearly 100 countries) study at the University of Nottingham. For many years the University has had a thriving community of international students.

The University pays much attention to learning foreign lan­guages. For individual study there is a 16-place self-access tape li­brary⁴ with a tape archive of 3,000 tapes in 30 languages. There are also 16 video work stations where the students play back video tapes or watch TV broadcasts in a variety of languages.

ПОЯСНЕНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ

1. tutorial system — система прикрепления студентов к отдельным консуль­ тантам, принятая в университетах Великобритании

1. ones — замещает существительное sciences во избежание его повторения

2. fee-paying — зд. платная (система образования)

3. self-access tape library — фонотека со свободным доступом к кассетам

ТЕКСТ Б

Mining Education in Great Britain

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At present in Great Britain there are a number of universities and colleges which give instruction in mechanical engineering, mining, metallurgy, etc. These institutions provide full-time and part-time education. It should be noted that technical colleges con­fer diplomas' on college graduates.

A university graduate leaves with the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science,² which is an academic qualification awarded by universities. [

For example, the University in Cardiff has become one of the largest in Wales. It is one of the four colleges which together with the Welsh National School of Medicine form the University of Wales. There is the Mining Engineering Department in the Univer­sity of Wales. The Department deals with the whole range of extrac­tive industries such as coal and metalliferous mining, quarrying and oil technology.

After graduating from the college a student can be recommended for entry to the university by a college authority and he can apply for admission to the university.³

At the Mining Department students may take several courses such as geology, mining engineering, mine surveying, quarrying, manage­ment studies and others. It has become a tradition that the courses are based on an intensive tutorial system. It means that students are allotted⁴ to members of the teaching staff⁵ for individual tuition separately in mining, in quarrying and in mine surveying. The system is founded on that* of the older universities of Great Britain.

At the Department of Mining Engineering of the Newcastle Uni­versity mining has now become a technically advanced profession. The Department of Mining Engineering trains industrially experienced en­gineers through various advanced courses in rock mechanics and sur­face excavation. For many years the Mining Engineering Department at Newcastle has recognized the need for highly-qualified engineers and realized that the courses in rock mechanics and surface excavation are of great importance for mining engineers.

At the University a student studies for three or four years. The organization of the academic year is based on a three-term system which usually runs from about the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March and from the middle of April to the end of June or the be­ ginning of July. '

Students course is designed on a modular basis. Modules are self-contained 'units' of study, which are taught and assessed indepen­dently of each other. When a student passes a module, he (she) gains a credit. All modules carry a number of credits. At the end of the term, the number of credits a student gets, determines the award he (she) receives. Each module is continuously assessed by coursework and/or end-of-term examinations.

Admission to the British universities is by examination and se­lection. The minimum age for admission to the four-year course is normally 18 years. Departments usually interview all the candidates. The aim of the interview is to select better candidates.

Just over half of all university students live in colleges, halls of residence, or other accommodation provided by their university, another third lives in lodgings or privately rented accommodation; and the rest live at home.