- •Министерство сельского хозяйства рф
- •Contents
- •Unit I the circulatory system Формы инфинитива
- •The Circulatory System
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Circulatory System
- •Unit II the heart
- •Оборот «Именительный падеж с инфинитивом»
- •Complex Subject
- •Сложное дополнение или оборот «Объектный падеж с инфинитивом»
- •Complex Object
- •The Heart
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Heart
- •Unit 3 the nervous system
- •Формы причастия
- •The Nervous System
- •Vocabulary List
- •The Nervous System
- •Unit 4 diseases of the central nervous system
- •Diseases of the Central Nervous System
- •Vocabulary List
- •Diseases of the Central Nervous System
- •Unit 5 sunstroke
- •Sunstroke
- •Vocabulary List
- •Some Diseases of the Bladder
- •Unit 6 the uro-genital system
- •The Uro-Genital System
- •Vocabulary List
- •Test I
- •Test II
Упр. 12. Прочтите текст «The Uro-Genital System».
The Uro-Genital System
Excretion is usually defined as the process of ridding the body of the wastes.
The principal excretory organs in every vertebrate are two kidneys, brown in colour, and lying beneath the lumbar vertebrae. The right kidney is immovable, its lobes being so arranged that the whole organ has an oval form, but the left is, in some animals, floating and free to change its position. On the medial edge, each kidney has a depression, the Hilus1, which luns into the Renal Artery, and from which emerges the Renal Vein, the Renal Lymph Duct and the Ureter, a delicate tube leading to the bladder. The Renal Lymph Node lies close to the artery and the Adrenal Body2 lies on the anterior inner corner of the kidney.
The Adrenal Body provides a hormone Adrenalin, which when released into the blood during excitement, causes constriction of the arterioles of the skin, thus causing a sensation of cold, the erection of hair, the increase of heart beat. Adrenalin is used in medicine to produce these effects, or it can be applied locally to check bleeding by constricting the arterioles of the part.
From each kidney the ureter carries wastes, or urine, to the bladder, from which a single duct, or urethra discharges into the exterior.
The interrelated excretory and reproiductive systems of vertebrates are commonly called the urogenital system.
1 Hilus – ворота органа
2 Adrenal Body – надпочечник
Vocabulary List
to bleed
to discharge
constriction
excretion
lobe
kidney
ureter
anterior
exterior
single
reproductive
posterior
close
locally
beneath
Упр. 13. Прочтите и определите значение английских слов по их сходству с русскими эквивалентами.
Hormone, effect, adrenalin, oval, form.
Упр. 14. Дополните предложения.
... the process of ridding ...
… the lumbar vertebrae …
… tube leading to the bladder …
Adrenalin ... can be applied ... to check bleeding.
... the Renal Lymph Node ...
Упр. 15. Прочтите и переведите текст «The Uro-Genital System».
Упр. 16. Выпишите из текста неличные формы глагола. Определите их функцию.
Упр. 17. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «The Uro-Genital System».
What is excretion?
What are the principal organs of excretion?
What forms have the kidneys?
What does the Adrenal Body provide?
When does the hormone Adrenalin cause constriction of the arterioles of the skin?
What is Adrenalin used in medicine for?
What does the ureter carry?
What is the uro-genital system?