60. The Circulatory System

61. Part II

62. The several kinds of white cells have their principal activities in the tissues. The white cells to be seen in the blood stream are on their way from their origins in the marrow, spleen or lymphoid structures to the tissues or their death. Many of them can act as phagocytes and protect the body as they destroy bacteria that invade wounds. In an acute infection such as appendicitis or pneumonia they increase markedly to battle the infection. The whitish pus of an infected area consists of dead leucocytes, tissue cells and blood serum. The heart and all vessels are lined with endothelium. The walls of the aorta and larger arteries contain heavy layers of elastic and muscle fibres but the small arterioles are covered by smooth muscle fibres only. The capillary walls consist only of endothelium. Veins are thin-walled. The walls of all blood vessels are elastic. They dilate or contract so as to alter the amount of blood passing to any organ.

63. Unit II the heart

65. I

66. Оборот «Именительный падеж с инфинитивом»

67. Complex Subject

69. подлежащее The veterinarian

71. сказуемое 1. appears 1. по-видимому

72. 2. is supposed 2. предполагают

73. 3. is likely 3. вероятно

74. ветеринарный врач – подлежащее

75. инфинитив to be on the farm находится на ферме.

77. The veterinarian is supposed to be on the farm.

78. Предполагают, что ветеринарный врач на ферме.

80. Оборот «именительный падеж с инфинитивом» переводится сложноподчиненным предложением, в котором главное предложение является безличным или неопределенно-личным.

81. Упр. 1. Переведите сказуемое в правой колонке.

82. to say (говорить) is said (to)

83. to consider (считать) has been considered (to)

84. to believe (полагать) is believed (to)

85. to suppose (предполагать) was supposed (to)

86. to report (сообщать) is reported (to)

87. to see (видеть) was seen (to)

88. Упр. 2. Переведите, обращая внимание на оборот «именительный падеж с инфинитивом».

1. The cow is supposed to have contracted the disease.

2. The farm is reported to have been isolated.

3. He is said to have graduated from the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine.

89. Упр. 3. Прочтите, обращая внимание на перевод сказуемого.

    This vaccine proved to be very effective. The drug is unlikely to effect a cure. The reaction is sure to be positive.

    Оказалось, что эта вакцина очень эффективна. Вряд ли лекарство приведет к выздоровлению. Реакция определенно будет положительная.

The experiment appears to be a failure. The health of the patient seems to improve. He seems to know anatomy well. The patient is likely to improve soon. The disease is sure to be very dangerous. The operation proved to be successful.

По-видимому, эксперимент не удался. Кажется, здоровье пациента улучшается. Кажется, он хорошо знает анатомию. Похоже, пациент скоро поправится. Заболевание определенно является очень опасным. Оказалось, что операция прошла успешно.

103. Упр. 4. Переведите, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов «to appear» и «to prove».

1. The disease usually appears in the spring.

2. Tetanus (столбняк) appears to be more common in certain areas.

3. The animal appeared to be absolutely healthy.

4. He proved to be a good specialist.

5. He proved that he was right.

6. Vaccine protection has not proved to be efficient (эффективный) in this case.

104. Упр. 5. Укажите номера предложений, в которых употребляется оборот «именительный падеж с инфинитивом».

1. Some dogs are said to imitate (подражать) a few words.

2. Professor read the lecture about a new phenomenon.

3. Moles (кроты) appear to have neither eyes not ears but this is wrong. (neither ... nor – ни ... ни)