155. The Heart

156. Part II

157. When the ventricles are full they contract while the auricles relaè and rest. This closes the mitral and tricuspid valves with audible thump and the blood is fored into the arteries. The ventricles relax and rest and the semilunar valves close. After a pause during which the heart muscle rests the whole operation is to be repeated. The short intervals while the chambers are filling are the only chance for the heart muscle to have rest throughout life.

158. We know the human heart in a quiet normal adult to contract or beat about 72 times per minute, the rate is increased by exercise, emotional excitement and some diseases. In some small birds and mammals the heart has been found to beat 200 to 400 times per minute. Blood is known to move from the heart in a series of spurts which in some exposed arteries such as in the wrist or temple may be felt as the «pulse».

159. Unit 3 the nervous system

161. Формы причастия

162. 	Active	Passive
     Present	writing asking	being written being asked
     Past		written asked
     Perfect	having written having asked	having been written having been asked

164. Упр. 1. Образуйте Present Participle Active от гдаголов to examine, to go, to infect.

165. Упр. 2. Прочтите и переведите.

1. Any infectious disease affecting farm animals is a disaster.

2. The vessels carrying blood to the heart are called veins.

3. The nicroorganisms invading the human body are able to develop infection.

4. The man examining the cow is our veterinarian.

5. The process of growth is due to the increasing number of cells.

6. When we came to the clinic the surgeon was examining the wound.

7. The temperature of the sick animal is increasing.

183. Упр. 3. Укажите номера предложений из упр. 2, содержащие Participle I

184. в функции определения.

185. Упр. 4. Прочтите и переведите.

1. Examining the cell under microscope we could watch its division.

2. You must be careful (осторожный) when using this drug.

3. Watch the patient’s reaction while administering the drug.

186. Упр. 5. Прочтите и переведите. Обратите внимание на то, что причастие с союзом являются сокращенной формой придаточного обстоятельственного предложения времени.

1. You must be careful when you are examining a rabid animal.

2. You must be careful when examining a rabid animal.

3. While eating the animal showed signs of pain.

4. Vaccinating the animals the veterinarian protects them from the disease.

5. The assistant is vaccinating the herd.

6. Be attentive while watching the operation.

187. Упр. 6. Образуйте Participle II от следующих правильных глаголов (правила образования см. на стр. 146-147):

188. to treat, to drop, to carry, to examine.

189. Упр. 7. Назовите инфинитивы, от которых образованы следующие Participles II.

1. been; 2) had; 3) done; 4) seen; 5) grown; 6) made.

190. Упр. 8. Прочтите и переведите. Данные предложения содержат Past Participle в функции определения.

1. The affected animals died.

2. The vaccinated animals became immune to the disease.

191. Упр. 9. Прочтите и переведите.

1. He has operated on this cow.

2. The soil is infected with germs.

3. The infected instruments must be disinfected.

4. The operated animals are sleeping.

192. Упр. 10. Прочтите и укажите соответствующий перевод.

1. The animals operated were in the clinic.

2. The animals were operated in the clinic.

1. Оперированные животные были в клинике.

2. Животные были оперированы в клинике.

193. Обратите внимание на то, что Participle II в функции определения может стоять за определяемым словом (№1).

194. Упр. 11. Данные предложения содержат Participle II в функции обстоятельства времени и условия.

1. The antitoxins are effective when given in large doses.

2. Unless treated the animal dies.

3. The drug has good effect if properly administered.

195. Обратите внимание на то, что Participle II, как и Participle I, в функции обстоятельства может употребляться с союзами when, while, if, unless.

196. Упр. 12. Прочтите и обратите внимание на сходство выделенных конструкций.

1. The cows give more milk when properly fed. Коровы дают больше молока при правильном кормлении.

2. The cows give more milk when they are properly fed. Коровы дают больше молока, когда их правильно кормят.

197. Упр. 13. Прочтите и переведите. Укажите номер предложения, содержащего причастный союзный оборот.

1. When examined under the microscope the division of the cell could be clearly seen.

2. The professor has delivered the lecture on the exchange of gases in the lungs.

3. When affected with infectious disease an animal must be isolated immediately.

198. III

199. Упр. 14. Переведите, обращая внимание на выделенные слова.

1. The nervous cells convey impulses. to convey – передавать

2. The amount of blood regulates the body temperature. to regulate – регулировать

3. All organs of the body are called in Latin. to call – называть

4. The larynx is joined to the pharynx. to join – объединять, присоединять

5. The infectious diseases pass from one animal to another. The nerve cells pass the impulses. to pass – переходить

6. Liver is the largest gland. gland – железа

7. The nervous cell is called a neuron. neuron – нейрон

8. The nervous system regulates the rate of blood movement. rate – степень, норма

9. What kind of nerves pass the impulses to the central nervous system? – The sensory nerves. sensory – чувствительный, сенсорный

10. What kind of nerves pass the impulses to the organs? – The motor nerves. motor – двигательный

11. The worms (черви) have the primary cavity of the body. primary – главный, первичный

12. The veterinarian is responsible for the health of the animals. responsible – ответственный

13. When the heart is stopped the animal dies immediately. immediately – немедленно, сразу же

14. What is the ganglion? – It is a small mass consisting of nerve cells. ganglion – нервный узел, ганглий

15. The kidneys of dog similar in appearance to those of swine. appearance – внешний вид

16. The ribs arise from the vertebrae. to arise from – происходить, возникать

17. The ventricles contract whereas the atriums relax. whereas – в то время как