- •Федеральное агентство по образованию
- •Lesson 1
- •II. Read and translate the derivatives. Mind the suffixes.
- •III. Active vocabulary:
- •IV. Read and translate the text: History as a science.
- •IV. Read and translate the text: Prehistoric communities.
- •II. Suggest the English for:
- •IV. Read and translate the text. Ancient Rome.
- •Viil Read the text. Translate it into Russian without a dictionary.
- •I. Give Russian equivalents of the following:
- •Active Vocabulary.
- •Capitalist System.
- •Active Vocabulary
- •I. Read the text. Divide it into logical parts. Find the topic sentence of
- •II. Read the sentences below and say if the statements are true or false:
- •III. Can you answer the following questions?
- •IV. Give Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •Lesson VIII
- •VI. Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions.
- •VII. Retell the text, using expressions given in task 4.
- •Lesson IX. The native american.
- •II. How well have you read? Can you answer the following questions?
- •IV. Give English equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •V. Put all types of questions to the text.
- •VII. Translate into English:
- •Lesson XI. Black america
- •I. Read the text. Divide it into logical parts. Find the topic sentence of
- •Lesson XIII. American holidays
- •Thanksgiving.
- •Christmas.
- •Valentine's day and halloween.
- •V. Make up dialogues on the basis of the texts.
- •VI. Speak on the main holidays of the us. Other „american" holidays
- •I. Read the text.
- •2. How well have you read? Can you answer the following questions?
- •3. Give Russian equivalents to the following English word combinations:
- •День независимости
- •День благодарения
- •Comprehension Check
- •Lesson XIV. Education
- •1. Read the text. Divide it into logical parts. Find a topic sentence of each part.
- •Lesson XV. Leisure-time activities
- •Содержание
Viil Read the text. Translate it into Russian without a dictionary.
The pyramids of Egypt are situated on the bank of the Nile near Memphis, the capital of ancient Egypt. They were built by hundreds of thousands of slaves. The biggest of the pyramids is the pyramid of Cheops. Cheops ruled over the country in the 3rd millenium B.C. When he became a pharaon he ordered to start building the pyramid. The construction of the pyramid lasted for years.
LESSON IV.
1. Read and translate the following international words. Mind the pronunciation.
Feudalism, progressive, system, lord, monarch, specific, social, attack, fortification, form, guild, heretic, manufacture.
II. Read and translate the derivatives. Mind the suffixes.
feudal – feudalism progress - progressive
power - powerful to protect - protection
to settle - settlement mercy - merciless – mercilessly
appear - appearance crafts – craftsman
III. Read and translate the following text.
Feudalism in Europe
Feudalism was introduced in Europe in the 10th century AD and flourished between the 10th and 15th centuries. At the time of its origin feudalism was a progressive system as compared with slavery. Under the feudal system power belonged to the feudals headed by monarch, and everyone belonged to some specific social estate.
In the 10lh - 11th centuries travelling artisans appeared in Western Europe. As a rule their settlements were near big monasteries and feudal castles. Merchants from other lands often came and sold their goods there. To protect themselves from the attack of knights the artisans surrounded their settlements with walls and built fortifications round them. Gradually such settlements turned into towns. Artisans who practiced the same crafts and lived in the same town often united to form guilds. Goods were manufactured in artisans workshops where everything was made by hand (manual labour). The church was the mainstay of feudalism. The clergy persecuted the disobedient (the heretics) mercilessly, tortured them and burnt them at the stake.
Notes:
1. AD (Anno Domini) - нашей эры
2. as compared (with) - по сравнению (с)
3. under the feudal system - при феодализме
4. headed - во главе
5. as a rule - как правило
6. to protect themselves from ... - чтобы защититься от ...
7. the same crafts - те же самые ремесла
8. manual labour - ручной труд
9. at the stake - на костре
Exercises:
I. Give Russian equivalents of the following:
At the time of its origin; belong to the feudal lords; headed by monarch; travelling artisans; specific social estate; to form a guild; to surround settlements; artisans workshops.
II. Express agreement or disagreement with the following using:
Yes, you are right (= it is correct)
No, you are not right (= you are wrong)
1. Feudalism was introduced in Europe in the 18lh century.
2. At the time of its origin feudalism was a regressive system.
3. Goods were manufactured in artisans workshops.
4. The church was the mainstay of feudalism.
III. Suggest the English for:
Достигать расцвета; при феодализме; как правило; строили укрепления; объединялись в гильдии; оплот феодализма; пытать; сжигать на костре.
IV. Find in the text sentences with these words and translate them:
To flourish, monarch, travelling artisans, fortifications, guild, mainstay.
IV. Complete the following sentences:
1. At the time of its origin feudalism .
2. As a rule, artisans settlements
3. The artisans surrounded ....
4. Goods were manufactured ....
5. The clergy persecuted ....
V. Answer the following questions:
When was feudalism introduced in Europe? Whom did the power belong to? When did travelling artisans appear in Western Europe? Where did they usually settle? Why did they choose these places? What did the artisans surround their settlements with? What associations of artisans were typical for that time? Where were goods usually manufactured in the medieval town?
VI. Speak on the formation of a medieval town:
The words you may need: travelling artisans; settlements; big monasteries; feudal castles; to protect from knights; to surround the settlements; fortifications.
LESSON V.
L Read and translate the following international words. Mind the pronunciation.
Capitalist, industry, to exploit, personal, group, productivity, class, bourgeoisie, era, hydraulic, progress, stimulate, literature, final, imperialism, characterize, monopoly, labour, artisan, fire-arms.
II. Read and translate the following derivatives. Mind the suffixes.
capital-capitalist industry – industrial
to develop - development wealth - wealthy
to free - freedom to divide-division
to differ-different work - worker
to own – owner to exploit-exploitation
person -personal – personality product - productive – productivity
to invent - inventive – invention to notice-noticeable