Англійська мова
.pdf44 Переклад герундія
Переклад |
Функція |
Приклади |
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Learning| rules without examples is |
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useless |
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–ння (іменник) |
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підмет |
Заучування правил без прикладів марна |
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робота |
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Seeing is believing — Побачити значить |
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повірити |
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–ть, –ти |
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додаток |
I am interested |in collecting| stamps |
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(інфінітив) |
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Я цікавлюсь колекціонуванням марок |
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I enjoy collecting stamps |
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Я насолоджуюсь колекціонуванням |
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дієслово в |
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марок |
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частина |
I began collecting stamps |
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особовій формі |
присудка |
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Я почав колекціонувати марки |
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He is reading — Він читає |
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Entering |the room he saw his parents |
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– вши |
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Зайшовши в кімнату, він побачив |
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батьків |
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– учи |
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обставина |
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He stood for a time, |listening| to the |
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Вжив. |
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– ючи |
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voices |
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після: |
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– ачи |
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Деякий час він стояв, слухаючи голоси |
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when, if, |
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– ячи |
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When reading| the book I remembered my |
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though |
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childhood |
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(дієприслівник) |
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Читаючи цю книгу, я згадав своє |
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дитинство |
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Підрядне |
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I saw a shadow |passing| on her face |
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речення з |
означення |
I saw |a passing shadow| on her face |
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сполучниками |
Я побачив тінь, що пробігала по її |
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який, що |
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обличчю |
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243
45 Форми інфінітива
Tense |
Voice |
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Infinitive |
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Gerund/ |
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Participle |
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0 |
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Participle I (V |
ing |
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II |
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(to V ) |
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(V3/Ved) |
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Indefinite |
Act. |
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to ask |
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asking |
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asked |
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Pas. |
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to be asked |
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being asked |
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Perfect |
Act. |
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to have asked |
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having asked |
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Pas. |
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to have been asked |
having been asked |
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Cont. |
Act. |
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to be asking |
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Perf. Cont. |
Act. |
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to have been asking |
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46 Переклад інфінітива |
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Форма |
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Переклад неособової форми |
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Приклади |
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дієсловомміжформаПроміжна іменникомта |
InfinitiveGerund |
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–ть, –ти |
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ні слова |
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(інфінітив) |
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to V0 |
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They beganto read — |
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–ння |
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Вони почали |
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читати |
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читання |
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(іменник) |
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–ть, –ти |
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They began reading — |
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читати |
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(інфінітив) |
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Вони почали |
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читання |
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I enjoy reading — |
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–ння |
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Ving |
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(іменник) |
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Мені подобаєт ься |
читати |
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читання |
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She left without saying a word |
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– вши |
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— Вона пішла, не сказавши |
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(дієприслівник) |
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та |
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– учи |
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– ючи |
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Walking along the street I met |
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дієсловомміжформаПроміжна дієсловом;прикметникомта прислівником |
ParticipleIIParticipleI |
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– ачи |
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him — Йдучи по вулиці, я |
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Ving |
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– ячи |
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зустрів його |
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(дієприслівник) |
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We saw a trembling dog — |
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– учий, – ючий |
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Ми побачили тремтячу |
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(дієприкметник) |
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собаку |
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– ачий, – ячий |
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– ний |
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The corrected text is on the |
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– мий |
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V3/Ved |
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table — Виправлений текст |
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– тий |
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лежить на столі |
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(дієприкметник) |
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244
47 Слова, після яких вживаються неособові форми дієслова
Verbs |
Verbs |
Verbs |
Adjective + |
Noun + |
Be + |
Nouns |
Followed by |
Followed by |
Followed |
Preposition |
Preposition |
Adjective |
Followed by |
Gerunds |
Infinitives |
by Nouns + |
Combinations |
Combination |
Combinations |
Infinitives |
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Infinitives |
Followed by |
s Followed |
Followed by |
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Gerunds |
by Gerunds |
Infinitives |
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admit |
agree |
advise [9] |
be accustomed to |
addiction to |
be afraid |
advice |
advise [9] |
appear |
allow [9] |
be addicted to |
advantage of |
be amazed |
appeal |
allow [9] |
arrange |
cause |
be afraid of |
anxiety about |
be anxious |
attempt |
anticipate |
ask [8] |
convince |
be anxious about |
belief in |
be ashamed |
chance |
appreciate |
begin [13] |
enable |
be bored of |
credit for |
be astonished |
decision |
avoid |
can't bear [14] |
encourage [9] |
be capable of |
dedication to |
be bound |
desire |
begin [14] |
can't stand [14] |
force |
be committed to |
delay in |
be careful |
dream |
can't bear [14] |
care |
get (cause to) |
be concerned about |
devotion to |
be certain |
goal |
can't help |
cease [14] |
hire |
be content with |
disadvantage of |
be content |
motivation |
can't see |
choose [8] |
invite |
be dedicated to |
experience in |
be delighted |
need |
can't stand [14 |
claim |
order |
be devoted to |
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be determined |
opportunity |
cease [14] |
continue [14] |
permit [9] |
be disappointed |
fear of |
be eager |
order |
complete |
decide |
remind |
with |
fondness for |
be eligible |
permission |
consider |
demand |
require [9] |
be discouraged by |
habit of |
be fortunate |
plan |
continue [14] |
deserve |
tell |
be excited about |
interest in |
be glad |
preparation |
defend |
dread [13] |
urge [9] |
be famous for |
knowledge of |
be happy |
proposal |
delay |
expect [8] |
warn |
be fond of |
love of |
be hesitant |
recommendation |
deny |
explain |
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be frightened of |
memory of |
be liable |
refusal |
despise |
fail |
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be guilty of |
preference for |
be likely |
reminder |
discuss |
forget [13] |
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be happy about |
process of |
be lucky |
request |
dislike |
get (be allowed |
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be interested in |
reaction to |
be prepared |
requirement |
don't mind |
to) |
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be involved in |
reason for |
be pleased |
suggestion |
dread [13] |
happen |
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be known for |
regret for |
be proud |
tendency |
encourage [9] |
hate [14] |
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be opposed to |
report on |
be ready |
wish |
enjoy |
hesitate |
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be proud of |
reputation for |
be relieved |
way |
finish [13] |
hope |
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be remembered for |
responsibility |
be reluctant |
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forget [13] |
intend |
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be responsible for |
for |
be sad |
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hate [14] |
know |
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be scared of |
story about |
be shocked |
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imagine |
learn |
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be terrified of |
talent for |
be sorry |
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involve |
like [14] |
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be tired from |
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be surprised |
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keep |
love [14] |
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be tired of |
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be upset |
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like [14] |
manage |
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be worried about |
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be willing |
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love [14] |
need [8,13] |
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mention |
neglect [14] |
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mind |
offer |
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miss |
plan |
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need [13] |
prefer [14] |
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neglect [14] |
prepare [8] |
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permit [9] |
pretend |
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postpone |
promise [8] |
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practice |
propose [14] |
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prefer [14] |
refuse |
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propose [14] |
regret [13] |
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quit [13] |
remember [13] |
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recall |
seem |
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recollect |
show |
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recommend |
start [13] |
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regret [13] |
swear |
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remember [13 |
tell |
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report |
tend |
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require [9] |
threaten [8] |
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resent |
try [13] |
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resist |
vow |
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risk |
wait |
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start [14] |
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want [8] |
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stop [13] |
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wish [8] |
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suggest |
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would like [8] |
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tolerate |
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(meaning "wish |
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try [13] |
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or "want") |
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understand |
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yearn |
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urge [9] |
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Verbs Followed by Gerunds |
Verbs Followed by Gerunds |
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Expressions followed by |
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OR Infinitives (Different |
OR Infinitives (Similar |
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VERB+ing |
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Meaning) |
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Meaning) |
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begin |
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can't bear |
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as well as |
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dread |
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can't stand |
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be busy |
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forget |
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cease |
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be (get) used to |
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keep |
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continue |
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be in favour of |
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need |
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hate |
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be no good (use) |
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regret |
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like |
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be worth |
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remember |
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love |
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feel like |
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start |
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neglect |
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have (some) problems |
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stop |
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prefer |
have (a) difficult (hard) time |
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try |
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propose |
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have (a) good (easy) time |
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have a problem |
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ing |
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Verbs Followed by V OR |
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Infinitives (Different |
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have (no) difficulty (in) |
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Meaning) |
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have fun |
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have no problem |
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see |
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hear |
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how about |
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smell |
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object to |
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feel |
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spend one's time |
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notice |
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there‘s no chance of |
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watch |
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there‘s no point in |
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observe |
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waste one's time |
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listen to |
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what‘s the point of |
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what‘s the use of |
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8 = verb followed by an infinitive OR an optional noun + an infinitive 9 = verb followed by a gerund OR a noun + an infinitive
13 = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with a difference in meaning 14 = verb followed by a gerund OR an infinitive with little difference in meaning
48 Усталені вирази з герундієм
go biking |
go riding |
go swimming |
go bowling |
go singing |
go boating |
go running |
go visiting |
go camping |
go skating |
go canoeing |
go sailing |
go walking |
go cycling |
go skateboarding |
go climbing |
go drinking |
go dancing |
go fishing |
go skiing |
go diving |
go hiking |
go partying |
go necking |
go surfing |
go picnicking |
go jogging |
go birdwatching |
go shopping |
go windsurfing |
246
50 Звороти, їх місце в реченні та переклад
Другий |
Місце |
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елемент |
звороту у |
Приклади |
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звороту |
реченні |
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The situation being |
Оскільки |
положення |
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на початку |
було |
невідкладне, |
ми |
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) |
urgent, we had to go |
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ing |
речення |
ahead |
змушені |
були |
йти |
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(V |
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вперед |
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I |
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Participle |
в кінці |
We set off, the rain |
Ми вирушили в дорогу, |
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речення |
coming down heavily |
хоча ішов рясний дощ |
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на початку |
The work done, we |
Коли |
робота |
була |
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закінчена, |
ми |
пішли |
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речення |
went home |
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II |
додому |
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) |
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Participle (V |
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ed |
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/V |
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Він стояв, |
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3 |
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в кінці |
He stood with his eyes |
заплющивши очі |
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речення |
closed |
Він стояв, його очі |
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були заплющені |
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Іменник |
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His first shot a |
Оскільки |
його |
перший |
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постріл |
був |
невдалим, |
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failure, he fired again |
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він вистрілив знову |
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на початку |
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Прислівник |
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речення |
Tea over, we |
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випили чай, |
ми |
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Коли |
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gathered on the |
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зібралися на терасі |
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terrace |
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248
51 Види займенників
Особові займенники |
Присвійні |
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займенники |
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Зворотні займенники |
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Наз. відм. |
Зн. відм. |
Проста |
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Незалежна |
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форма |
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форма |
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мій |
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I — я |
m e |
мене |
my |
mine |
моя |
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myself — |
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мені |
моє |
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мої |
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ваш |
твій |
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ти |
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тебе |
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ваша твоя |
yourself — |
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тобі |
your |
yours |
ваше твоє |
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you ви |
you вас |
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ся |
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ваші |
твої yourselves — |
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вам |
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себе |
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he — він |
h i m |
його |
his |
his |
його |
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himself — |
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йому |
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сам |
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she — вона |
h e r |
її |
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her |
hers |
її |
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herself — |
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їй |
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сама |
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він |
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його |
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йому |
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його |
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i t вона |
i t |
its |
its |
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itself — |
самі |
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її |
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її |
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воно |
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їй |
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наш |
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we — ми |
u s |
нас |
our |
ours |
наша |
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ourselves — |
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нам |
наше |
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наші |
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їхній |
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they — вони |
th e m |
їх |
their |
theirs |
їхня |
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themselves — |
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їм |
їхнє |
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їхні |
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He is a |
I see him |
These are my books — |
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Don‘t hurt yourself — |
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student |
— Я бачу |
Це мої книжки |
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Не поранься |
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Він — |
його |
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These books are mine — |
Look at yourself — |
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студент |
Tell him — |
Ці книжки — мої |
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Подивись на себе |
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Скажи |
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See it yourself — |
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йому |
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Побач сам |
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52 Вказівні займенники |
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Займенник |
Приклади |
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this |
цей |
This pen is red — Ця ручка червона |
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це |
This is a pen — Це ручка |
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that |
той |
That pen is blue — Та ручка синя |
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то |
That is a blue pen — То синя ручка |
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these |
ці |
These pens are red — Ці ручки червоні |
|
це |
These are red pens — Це червоні ручки |
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those |
ті |
Those pens are blue — Ті ручки сині |
|
то |
Those are blue pens — То — сині ручки |
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249 |
53 Займенники any та no
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Займенник та його |
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Приклади |
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переклад |
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скільки- |
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Did they make any mistakes? — Вони |
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речення |
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небудь |
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зробили які-небудь помилки? |
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який-небудь |
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We have not any bread — У нас немає |
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хто-небудь |
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Give me any book — дайте мені будь-яку |
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any* |
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будь-який, |
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книжку |
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Питальне |
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ніякий** |
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хліба |
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They did |
not |
make any mistakes — |
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Вони не зробили ніяких помилок |
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Примітка * Займенник any здебільшого на українську мову не |
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перекладається: Have you any sugar? У вас є цукор? |
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** У заперечному реченні |
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Заперечне речення |
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ніскільки |
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He has got no friends — У нього немає |
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ніякий |
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ніяких друзів |
при перекладі потребує |
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Примітка. * Як засіб |
|
заперечення |
no |
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no* |
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не |
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No student has come as yet — Жоден |
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жоден |
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студент ще не прийшов |
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подвійного заперечення |
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54 Похідні займенників |
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Вихідні |
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Іменник, |
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займенник, |
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Похідні та їх переклад |
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займенники |
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прислівник |
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something — щось, що-небудь |
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somebody — хтось |
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someone — хто-небудь |
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somewhere — десь, кудись |
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some |
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thing |
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anything — щось, що-небудь |
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body |
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anybody — хтось |
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any |
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+ |
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one |
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anyone — хто-небудь |
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no |
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where |
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anywhere — десь, куди-небудь |
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nothing — нічого |
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nobody — ніхто |
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no one — ніхто |
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nowhere — ніде, нікуди |
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58 Займенник it |
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Переклад |
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Приклади |
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This book is not for your children. It is for you |
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він, вона, воно |
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Ця книжка не для дітей. Вона для вас |
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I have lost my pencil. It may be in my bag |
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Я загубив олівець. Він, можливо, у сумці |
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це |
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What is this? It is a car |
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it |
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Що це? Це — машина |
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це саме той, |
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It is the novel that we discussed yesterday |
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що |
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Це саме той роман, що ми обговорювали вчора |
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не |
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It is impossible to say what he thinks |
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Неможливо сказати, про що він думає |
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перекладається |
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It is cold — Холодно |
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59 Сполучники сурядності |
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Значення |
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Сполучники сурядності |
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Приклади |
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сполучника |
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and — i, а |
Both |
my brother and I |
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as well as — як … так і |
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enjoy reading |
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both … and — як … так і |
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[єднальні (і)] and |
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Як моєму братові, так і |
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neither …nor — ні … ні |
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мені |
подобається |
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not only … but also — не |
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читати |
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лише … але і … |
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Either the letter did not |
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reach him, or he was busy |
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or — чи |
to answer it |
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[розділові (чи)] or |
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Чи лист не дійшов до |
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either … or — чи … чи |
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нього, чи він був |
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зайнятий, |
щоб |
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відповісти |
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but — але |
He likes my dress but I |
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nevertheless — проте |
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[протиставні |
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don‘t |
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still — проте, однак |
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(але)] but |
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Йому |
подобається |
моя |
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while — в той час як |
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сукня, а мені ні |
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yet — однак, проте |
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252