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III. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following Russian phrases.

рассматривать серьезные правонарушения;

торговля наркотиками;

грабеж с применением оружия;

презумпция невиновности;

установить вину;

иметь право нанять адвоката;

восстановить картину преступления;

подвергать свидетелей перекрестному допросу;

представлять показания суду присяжных;

выносить приговор и назначать наказание;

быть прерогативой судьи.

IV. Find in the text the words corresponding to the following definitions.

  1. the crime of killing a person by someone who did not intend to do it;

  2. the right or power of administering law or justice;

  3. the answer of a jury given to the court concerning any matter committed to their examination and judgment;

  4. the person or people who is or are on trial in a court;

  5. to ask detailed questions to a witness in a trial in order to discover if he or she has been telling the truth;

  6. to decide officially in a court that someone is not guilty of a particular crime;

  7. careful consideration before decision; formal consultation or discussion.

  1. Match the verbs (on the left) with the nouns (on the right).

to provide guilt

to determine aid

to grant innocence

to presume defence

  1. Make up sentences with the phrases you’ve got.

  2. Discuss the following questions in a group.

1. Does your country have a Supreme Court?

2. Does your country have an appeals process?

3. How does someone become a judge in your country?

4. Does your country have juries?

VIII. Study the structure of civil and criminal courts in England and Wales.

CIVIL CRIMINAL

IX. Look at the diagram. Use appropriate words to complete the following.

There are about 700 1) _______ courts in England and Wales. The magistrates’ court is the 2)_________ court. It deals with 3)_________ offences. More serious offences are tried by 4)_____________________.

The 5)_______________ in the Crown court acts as a controlling power in the contest between 6) __________________________. Appeals from the Crown court go to the Criminal Division of 7)______________________. A person convicted by a magistrates’ court may appeal to the High Court. The highest court of appeal in England is 9)______________________.

X. Unscramble these sentences using the diagram.

1. is / the / court / The / magistrates’court / lower.

2. the main / criminal / the jury / element / is / in / trials / the / court / Crown.

3. divided / High / is / divisions / Court / three.

4. two-tiered / is / the / civil / structure / court / comprises / and / types / of / court / two.