Вариант 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The free market is one way for society to solve the economic problems as to what, how and for whom to produce.

2. A change in demand takes place when one of the factors assumed constant changes.

3. We got this information and tried to change our priorities for business.

4. We’ll try to decrease the rate of unemployment next year.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. One makes distinction between physical, financial and human capital.

2. It is this equipment that I can buy.

3. One should abide by the main priorities doing business.

4. It should be noted that you became really knowledgeable in the business.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. All businesses are profitable, don’t they?

2. Doing business I had a lot of difficulties.

3. I had big loses so I had to close my firm.

4. The price is to increase by 5,5%.

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. The raw materials he uses in production are cheaper than one I use.

2. I believe that people want to buy the goods we produce.

V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. People buy goods to meet their requirements.

2. It’s necessary to know what kind of goods people wish to buy.

3. To produce a good of high quality means to have a big advantage in business.

4. At present it’s very popular to be a businessman or a businesswoman.

VI. Прочтите и устно переведите с 1-го по 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 5-й и 6-й абзацы.

Demand and supply

1. Demand is the quantity of a good that buyers wish to buy at each price. Other things equal, at low prices the demanded quantity is higher.

2. Supply is the quantity of a good that sellers wish to sell at each price. Other things equal, when prices are high, the supplied quantity is high as well.

3. The market is in equilibrium when the price regulates the quantity supplied by producers and the quantity demanded by consumers. When prices are not so high as the equilibrium price, there is excess demand (shortage) raising the price. At prices above the equilibrium price, there is excess supply (surplus) reducing the price.

4. There are some factors influencing demand for a good, such as the prices of other goods, consumer incomes and some others.

5. An increase in the price of a substitute good (or a decrease in the price of a complement good) will at the same time raise the demanded quantity.

6. As consumer income is increased, demand for a normal good will also increase but demand for an inferior good will decrease. A normal good is a good for which demand increases when incomes rise. An inferior good is a good for which demand falls when incomes rise.

7. As to supply, some factors are assumed as constant. Among them are technology, the input price, as well as degree of government regulation. An improvement in technology is as important for increasing the supplied quantity of a good as a reduction in input prices. Government regulates demand and supply, imposing ceiling prices (maximum prices) and floor prices (minimum prices) and adding its own demand to the demand of the private sector.

Прочитайте 7 абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Выберите из перечисленных ниже предложений правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.

What methods does government use to regulate demand and supply?

1. Government uses maximum prices.

2. Government can impose ceiling prices but one can’t add his own demand to the demand of the private sector.

3. Government imposes minimum or maximum prices and adds its own demand to aggregate demand.