4. Scarcity d) These are the unfulfilled desires that motivate human behavior and that when satisfied improve human well-being.

5. Consumer e) a person who uses goods or services

Grammar Revew: Past Tenses

Tense	Affirmative/ Negative/ Question	Use	Signal Words
Simple Past	A: He spoke. N: He did not speak. Q: Did he speak?	action in the past taking place once, never or several times actions taking place one after another action taking place in the middle of another action	yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday if sentence type II (If I talked, …)
Past Progressive	A: He was speaking. N: He was not speaking. Q: Was he speaking?	action going on at a certain time in the past actions taking place at the same time action in the past that is interrupted by another action	when, while, as long as
Past Perfect Simple	A: He had spoken. N: He had not spoken. Q:Had he spoken?	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes iterchangeable with past perfect progressive	already, just, never, not yet, once, until that day if sentence type III (If I had talked, …)
Past Perfect Progressive	A: He had been speaking. N: He had not been speaking. Q: Had he been speaking?	action taking place before a certain time in the past sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple	for, since, the whole day, all day

Ex. 4. Put the verb in a right form choosing the correct grammar tense

1. We ..... TV for ten minutes when the electricity went off.

• watched

• were watching

• had watched

• had been watching

2. Suddenly they heard a strange noise and ..... at each other in horror.

• looked

• were looking

• had looked

• had been looking

3. Robert didn’t answer the phone when Mary called. He ..... a shower and didn’t hear the phone ring.

• had been taking

• was taking

• had taken

• took

4. Dinosaurs were the largest animals ever to live on earth, and they ..... the Earth for a very long period of time.

• ruled

• were ruling

• had ruled

• had been ruling

5. Everybody was laughing merrily while Harris ..... them a funny story.

• told

• had told

• was telling

• had been telling

6. Scarcely ..... out of the window when I saw a flash of light.

• had I looked

• I was looking

• had I been looking

• was I looking

7. Her face was stained with tears and her eyes were red. She ..... .

• cried

• was crying

• had been crying

• had cried

8. When Mary came back, she looked very red from the sun. She ..... in the sun too long.

• had been lying

• was lying

• had lain

• lay

9. Greg didn’t want to be late for the theatre. He drove as fast as he could. The play ..... as he walked in the door of the theatre.

• was just beginning

• had just began

• just began

• had been just beginning

10. The two boys came into the house. One had a black eye and the other a cut lip. They ..... .

• had been fighting

• had fought

• fought

• were fighting

Topic 3: ECONOMY OF UKRAINE