Angliyskiy_Petroleum_engineering

Unit 1

the work offered to the students dynamite inventedbyNobel

the theorydeveloped by Rutherford the letter left on the table

c)the data referred to are...

the problem spoken of at the conference was...

the properties influenced by temperature are...

the lecture followedby the film is ...

the information relied on can be...

the lecturer listened to with great attention was...

the children looked after by their grannymust b e ...

the book looked for everywhere is ...

the equipment sent for should b e ...

the questions answered by the teacher are...

d)usingnew equipment building anew house developing anew plan inventingnewinstruments

while working onthe PeriodicTable when completingthetask

deciding what to do sending a letterto his parents thinkingabouther future

graduatingfromtheUniversity

e)havingreceivednew information

having equipped the laboratorywith new instruments havingreturned fromthe expedition

havingbeen offered help, h e ...

havingbeen given the instructions, the students...

having been taken from the librarythe book was...

havingchangedtheplans having determinedthe properties

having been achieved in the laboratory, the results....

having moved to Moscow

Ex.7 Translateinto Russianthe followingword combinations.

1.petroleum exporting countries; petroleum exported fromRussia; exportable products.

2.theindustryusing new technologies; new technologies used in industry; usabletechnologies.

3.oil producing countries; oil produced in West Siberia; producible oil.

4.the companytransporting oil by sea; oil transported by sea; transportable products.

5.measuringinstruments; thetemperaturemeasuredby special instruments; measurableparticles.

6.tools detecting underground structures; underground structures detected by geophysicists; detectable structures.

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Unit 1

Ex. 8 Translateinto English.

1.студент, задающий вопрос - вопрос, заданный студентом - задавая вопрос - задав вопрос

2.инженер, использующий новые материалы - использованные материалы - используя новые материалы - использовав все материалы

3.прибор, определяющий глубину - глубина, определенная при помощи прибора - при определении глубины - определив глубину

4.специалист, анализирующий свойства нефти - свойства нефти, проанализированные в лаборатории - анализируя свойства нефти - проанализировав свойства нефти

5.студенты, сдающие экзамены - экзамен, сданный студентами - сдавая экзамен - сдав экзамен

6.ученый, делающий доклад - доклад, сделанный ученым - делая доклад - сделав доклад

7.инженеры, строящие дороги - дороги, построенные в регионе - при строительстве дорог - построив дороги

Ex. 9 Translate the sentences. Mind the Participle.

1.The fallingwaterhas kinetic energy.

2.The existing conditions were discussed bythe engineers.

3.The operatingmechanism was inventedby a young scientist.

4.The water heated up to 80°C was necessary for the experiment.

5.OPEC was founded in 1960 by several Middle East countries producing and exporting oil.

6.Inthe early 1990s OPEC members produced more than halfthe oil exported in the world.

7.Tankers transporting oil cross many seas and oceans.

8.Oilmenusedifferentmethods increasingoil production.

9.Oil production increased in Russia in the 1980s reduced considerablyin the 1990s.

10.The analyzedminerals were packed into boxes.

11.When analyzed the minerals were packed into boxes.

12.While carryingout the experiment the scientisttried to provehis theory.

13.The experiment carried out by the young scientist proved the theoryofhis teacher.

14.The forces affecting atoms within a molecule are verygreat.

15.Sea water containing about 3.5 per cent ofsalt cannot be used directly formost needs.

16.Sea water containing about 3.5 per cent ofsalt, people cannot use it directly for most needs.

17.The workers applying a new method ofconstructing have achieved good results.

18.The workers having applied a new method ofconstructing, good results were achieved.

19.The electrons move at various speeds, their speed depending on the temperature and the properties ofamaterial.

20.Electrons movingthrough a wire, electrical energy is generated.

21.Themachineused was not powerful.

22.Themachineused required repairing.

23.Thoughused themachine was not powerful.

24.When solved the problem did not seem so complex.

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25.All the problems solved, the scientists started the experiment.

26.Ifprovided with necessary equipment, the expedition could achieve betterresults.

27.Ifproperlyapplied the mechanism will work much longer.

28.The catalysts used accelerated the rate ofreactions.

29.The oil field discovered produced oil ofgood quality.

30.While finishingthework the engineers noticed a mistake.

31.Having obtainednew datathe engineers could improve the design oftheirmechanism.

32.Having split the atom the man obtained a powerful sourceofenergy.

Ex. 10 Answerthe followingquestions.

1.What sources of energy do you know ?

2.Whyis the petroleum industrypaidmuch attention to ?

3.Why do people look for new oil and gas deposits ?

Ex. 11 Agree or disagree with the following statements. Usethe introductoryphrases:

As far as I know	I don’t really agree	Yes, but
I guess	I’m afraid it’s not correct	On the one hand
It’s true	I wouldn’t say that	On the otherhand
Ibelieve so

1.The economyofany nation depends on energy.

2.Themain oil producing countries areChina and Japan.

3.Oil and gas are the only sources of energy.

4.The 21stcentury is the age of alternative sources ofenergy.

Ex. 12 Readthe text and do the tasks which follow it.

Using the Earth’s Resources

1.Theterm «energyshortage», when used to saythattheworld is runningoutofenergyresources, is not correct. The world is not short ofenergy resources. Man’s need is to convert sufficient amounts ofthe earth’s energy into usable products as population and demand grow.

2.There is a continuous flow of energy into and out of the Earth’s surface environment. The largest source ofthe energy flow is solar radiation. It is an unlimited source ofenergy. Most solar energy is unused. Only a small part ofit is caughtby plant leaves and stored as chemical energy. Itbecomes the source offood energy forhumans and animals.

3.Solar energy is the original source offossil fuels (горючие ископаемые), too. Through the ages the remains ofplants and animals have been stored in the earth and have become our source ofcoal, oil and natural gas. But these resources may last two - three centuries. These fossil fuels arelimited andnon-renewablein thenextmillionyears.

4.Man must not only convert these fossil fuels into usable energy. But he must also create and adapt energy from other sources. These sources known as renewable are: wind, water, the Sun, geothermal processes and nuclear fission. For example, man can convert solar energy

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		Unit 1
	major n	крупная (ведущая) компания, лидер отрасли
		oilmajor
2.	source n	источник
		Oil reserves are an im portant source o f the growth
		ofnational economy,
3.	coal n	уголь
		Coal is ablack or brown mineral which can be burnt to give heat,
4.	peat n	торф
		Peat is used by gardeners to make plants grow,
5.	surface n	поверхность
		the earth’s surface
		The submarine slowlyrose to the surface,
6.	deposit n	залежь, отложение, месторождение
		mineral deposits
		There are rich deposits ofgold in East Siberia,
7.	seepage n	просачивание
		Seepages are the result ofslow oil movement through cracks
		in the surface
8.	occur v	1) встречаться, попадаться, 2) случаться,
		3) залегать (геол.)
		1) Misprints occur on everypage.
		2) The accident occurred last night.
		3) Oil occurs deep under the surface.
	occurrence n	1) случай, 2) местонахождение, 3) залегание (геол.)
		1) The unfortunate occurrence has changedher life.
		2) The occurrence ofoil in this region should be proved,
9.	torch n	факел
		The Olympictorch was deliveredtoAthens aftertravelling
		through all thecontinents,
10. crude oil		сырая нефть
	syn. petroleum
		Crude oil as it comes from the ground is not a usable product,
11. welln		скважина
	syn. bore-hole
		A well is a deep hole in the ground from which oil is produced,
12. drfflv		бурить
		to drill ahole inthe wall; to drill foroil

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Unit 1

13.depth n

14.foot n (pi. feet)

15.shallow a

16.throughout

17make up v

18incomen

19. power n

power v

20.fuel л

fuel v

21.commercials

22.spread (spread) v

23demands

24.forecast v

глубина

The depth ofthe river here is about 3 meters, зд. фут

A foot is a measure oflength which is equal to 30.5 cm. мелкий

to become shallow; shallow water; a shallow person

1)adv повсюду; на всем протяжении

2)prep через; по всему; в продолжение

1)The house was beautifully decorated throughout. We didn’t enjoythe holiday because it rained throughout the day.

2)We were looking forthe book throughout the house, составлять

Atoms makeup molecules, доход

The money earned by the members of the family make up thefamilyincome,

сила, мощность, энергия

nuclear power; ofhigh power; power station

At present time people can use solar or wind power, приводить в движение, питать энергией

The boat is powered by an outboard motor, топливо, горючее

Fuel is a material for producing heat or energy, e.g. wood, coal, oil,uranium.

заправлять(ся) топливом, питать

Her interest in the Spanish language was fueled by a visit to Spain. Airplanes sometimes fuel while in the air.

1) коммерческий, 2) промышленный
1) commercial bank
2) commercialproduction ofoil
распространять (ся)	.
The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby.
1) требование, 2) спрос
1) It’s impossible to satisfy all the demands.
2) demand for goods
прогнозировать, предсказывать
The government doesn’t forecast therise of inflation.

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		Unit 1
	forecast л	грогноз, предсказание
		The weather forecast said it would be fine tomorrow.
25.	hydrocarbon»	углеводород
		Hydrocarbon is a substance consisting of two elements:
		hydrogen and carbon.
26.	consume v	потреблять, расходовать
		The country imports 50% ofthe oil it consumes,
	consumption n	потребление, расход
		a carwith low fuel consumption
27.	span v	схватывать

1)Tolstoy’s life spanned almost the whole ofthe 19thcentury.

2)Can you span an octave on the piano?

28.currently adv в настоящее время

	syn. at present,
	presently	He is currentlyworking in Siberia.
29.	seek (sought) v	искать
		He is going to Canada to seek his fortune.
30.	be engaged in smth	заниматься чем-либо
		The scientist is engaged in experimental work.
31.	solve v	решать (проблему)
		Mendeleyev solved theproblem ofoil separation.
32.	dry а	сухой
		dry weather; dry heat;
		Don’t put your shirt on until it is dry.
	dry (up) v	сушить, зд. истощаться, заканчиваться
		The river driesup during thehot summer.
		We hope water resources will never dryup.
33.	refine v	перерабатывать, очищать (нефть)
		Oil mustbe refined before it can be used,
	refining и	переработка
		Themostimportantprocessesinrefiningaredistillationandcracking,
	refinery»	нефтеперерабатывающий завод (НПЗ)- see Fig. 1
34.	ever-increasing	постоянно возрастающий
		the ever-increasingproblem ofcleanwater
35.	especially adv	особенно
		She loves animals, especiallydogs.

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Unit 1

36. raise v

поднимать

Ifyou want to ask a question raise your hand.

37. living standard n

жизненный уровень

The living standard in the developed countries is higher than in the developingones,

38. result in v

приводить к чему-либо

Theeconomicgrowthofthe countryresultedinhigherlivingstandard,

39. result from v

происходить в результате

The progress in his studyresulted fromhis hard work,

40.	include v	включать, содержать в себе	,
		The space crew included one woman.	\
41.	shortage n	нехватка, перебои в снабжении
		Illness can be caused by vitamin shortage.
42.	environment n	1) окружающая среда, 2) окружение

1)We need stronger laws to protect the environment.

2)to grow up in a happy environment

3)The Gubkin University aims to provide the finest environment forteaching, learning,research and innovation.

43. pollute v

загрязнять

Somerivers arepolluted with toxicmaterials from factories,

pollution n

загрязнение

Environmental pollutionnegativelyinfluencesman’shealth,

pollutant a

загрязняющее вещество

Carbon dioxide is a bad pollutant ofthe atmosphere.

Ex. 14 Read the text and find: a) international words,

b) Participles and state their forms and functions.

OIL INDUSTRY

“Petroleum has been a fundamental driver in the industrial, commercial and political evolutionofour society.”

(Petroleum inthe 21stCentury. Oil & Gas Journal)

Energyis referred to as the basis ofindustrial civilization. Ancient people used wood as the major sourceofenergy. Certain other energysources, found onlyin localized areas, were also used in ancient times: asphalt, coal, and peat from surface deposits and oil in seepages from underground deposits. When occurred, these seepages were used for limited purposes - such as filling torches and heating homes. But thereal exploitation ofcrude oil did not begin until the 19th century.

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