Angliyskiy_Petroleum_engineering

Unit 4

1. The earlyphilosophers considered atom to be inseparable. We, however, would hardly agree withthem.

8.Iwouldliketo stress that today the internet is an important tool.

9.But for the internet we wouldn’t be able to get or to send needed information in minutes, sometimes seconds.

10.One should know that diamond bits are used for drillinghard formations.

Ex. 9 Read the text and answer the questions that follow it.

ROLE OF IMPORTED OIL IN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES

One industrialized country, the United States, consumes almost 17 million barrels ofpetroleum products perdayand it imports 7.7millionbarrels ofcrudeoil per day, or46 per centofitsrequirements. Fortytwo per cent ofthose oil imports come from OPEC Member Countries.

Ifan industrialized country such as the US stopped importing oil, many different people wouldbe affected:

•All ofthe oil importers (dock workers, import agents, etc.) would be out ofwork.

•Roughlyhalfofthepeople working in the downstream oil industry(refining, distribution, retail

sales*) would lose theirjobs.

»Prices would risedramatically. Withonlyhalfthenormal amountofoil being supplied, theprice ofoil would increase rapidly, let’spresume the price ofoil would double:

□Manypeople would suddenly find it very expensive to fill their cars with gas.

□Many retail gas stations would close (with workers losing theirjobs), and fewer people would buy new cars, leading to furtherjob losses.

□The price ofelectricity would rise (since many power stations bum oil and gas). The cost oftransporting goods wouldbe much higher, affecting everything frombread andbutterto computers and clothing.

□Ifpeople could not afford to buy so much, more retail workers** would lose theirjobs, as would farmers, factoryworkers and truck drivers.

□Withmorepeople out ofwork, there would be less money spent on products and services, and the situation would get worse. It is not easy to predict how many people would lose theirjobs ifthe US stopped importing oil. Presumablyit would be millions ofpeople.

The impact would not be confined to the US alone, ofcourse. Countries exporting oil to the US would lose a valuable source ofincome that supports many thousands ofjobs.

And ifthe US economy starts to suffer the problems outlined here, then the US cannot afford to import many other products and services, thus creating problems for its trade partners around the world.

1.What would happen ifan industrialized country stopped importingoil?

2.Why would many people be out ofjobs?

3.Why would prices rise?

4.How could this situation affect other countries?

*retail sales - розничная торговля

**retail workers — продавцы розничных товаров

Petroleum Engineering

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	Unit 4
13. hazardous*?	рискованный, опасный
	Smoking cigarettes is hazardous for one’s health,
14. emitv	излучать, испускать
	Uranium and other radioactive elements emit dangerous rays,
15. emission/i	излучение, выделение
	Kyoto’s protocols havingbeen ratified by Russia, carbon dioxide
	emissions areto be controlledby international organization,
16. upgrading/!	модернизация, усовершенствование
	Electronic equipment ages, so it often needs upgrading,
17. combustion/!	горение, сжигание
	Combustion produces heat and often light,
18. greenhouse	парник
	greenhouse effect
	A greenhouse is a glass building in whichplants aregrown.
19. contribute to smth	1) содействовать, способствовать
	2) делать вклад (в науку и т.д.)
	1) Plentyoffresh air contributes to good health.
	2) Gubkin’s works contributedmuch to petroleum geology,
20. acidn	кислота
	Chemists shouldbe careful when working with acids,
21. alter v	изменять (ся)
	They’ve alteredthe plan for the new building.
22. pattern/!	1) рисунок; 2) модель, шаблон, характер
	1) Many carpets have geometrical patterns.
	2) The same grammar pattern should be used while doing
	this exercise.
23. mean a	среднее (значение)
syn. average
	The temperature ofthis autumn is higher than the mean autumn
	temperature,
24. m eltv	плавить (ся), таять
	When a solid substance melts, it changes to a liquid,
25. oil spill/!	разлив нефти (на поверхности воды)
	Oil spills aretaken away withthe help ofcertain chemicals,
26. beachn	пляж
	Australia, Brazil andthe USA produce titanium,
	circonium, raremetals frombeach sands.

Petroleum Engineering

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