6. Choose the correct word.

1. His (politics/ policy) on that issue is his own business.

2. The nationalization of industries is not the government (politics/ policy).

3. He's thinking of going into (politics/ policy).

4. Gordon Brown is a major figure in British (politics/ policy).

5. His (politics/ policy) are extreme.

6. He supports the present government's (politics/ policy) on education.

7. The company has adopted a firm (politics/ policy) on shoplifting.

8. We have tried to pursue a (politics/ policy) of neutrality.

9. US foreign and domestic (politics/ policy) were discussed at the Congress session.

10. They have a significant change in (politics/ policy) on paternity leave.

11. She is following her usual (politics/policy) of ignoring all offers of help.

12. Honesty is the best (politics/ policy) (saying).

7. What political systems do you know? Match the definitions and explain the differences in the ways of running a country.

monarchy communism socialism

democracy republic dictatorship

1. A system of government based on the principle of majority decision-making.

2. The political theory or system in which all property and wealth is owned in a classless society by all the members of that society.

3. Government by a dictator, usually by force.

4. A political system in which a state is ruled by a monarch.

5. Political system or form of government in which people elect representatives to exercise power for them.

6. A political theory or system in which the means of production and distribution are controlled by the people and operated according to equity and fairness rather than market principles.

Exercise 1. Read and memorize the following words:

supremacy	[sju′preməsı]	верховенство; верховная власть
unified	[′ju:nıfaıd]	единый, объединённый
inalienable	[ın′eılıənəb(ə)l]	неотъемлимый, неотчуждаемый
exercise	[′eksəsaız]	осуществлять
legislative	[′ledʒıslətıv]	законодательный
executive	[ıg′zekjutıv]	исполнительный
judicial	[dʒu(:)′dı∫əl]	судебный
to elect	[ı′lekt]	избирать; выбирать
ballot	[′bælət]	голосование, баллотировка
body	[′bdı]	орган, власть
to subordinate	[sə′bdıneıt]	подчинять
court	[′k:t]	суд, судебное заседание
to envisage	[ın′vızıdʒ]	предусматривать, намечать
legislation	[ledʒıs′leı∫n]	за­конодательство; закон
correspondence	[‚krı′spnd(ə)ns]	соответствие, соотношение
request	[rı′kwest]	просьба, требование
to establish	[ı′stæblı∫]	устанавливать, основывать
official	[ə′fı∫(ə)l]	должностное лицо, чиновник
to limit	[′lımıt]	ограничивать
to adopt	[ə′dpt]	принимать
ultimate goal	[′ltımıt ′gəυl]	конечная цель
fulfillment	[fυl′fılmənt]	исполнение, выполнение, осуществление
to guarantee	[‚gærən′ti:]	гарантировать, давать гарантию
accessible	[ək′sesəbl]	доступный
old age	[′əυld ′eıdʒ]	старость
disability	[‚dısə′bılıtı]	инвалидность, нетрудоспособность
to stipulate	[′stıpjuleıt]	предусматривать, оговаривать в качестве особого условия
legal assistance	[′lı:g(ə)l ə′sıstəns]	юридическая помощь
protection	[prə′tek∫(ə)n]	защита, охрана
multitude	[′mltıtju:d]	множество, большое число
to strive (strove, striven)	[′straıv]	стараться, прилагать усилия
violently	[′vaıələntlı]	сильно, очень; неистово; жестоко, бесчеловечно
propaganda	[‚prpə′gændə]	пропаганда
hostility	[h′stılıtı]	враждебность, враждебное отношение
to prohibit	[prə′hıbıt]	запрещать
priority	[praı′rıtı]	приоритет
to ensure	[ın′∫υə]	обеспечивать, гарантировать
to conform	[kən′f:m]	соответствовать, подчиняться
to proceed	[prə′si:d]	происходить, исходить
inviolability	[ın‚vaıələ′bılıtı]	нерушимость (границ)
neutrality	[nju:′trælıtı]	нейтралитет, нейтральность
full-fledged	[‚fυl′fledʒd]	полноправный (действительный)
alien	[′eılıən]	иностранец, иноземец
to discharge	[dıs′t∫a:dʒ]	выполнять, исполнять
to grant	[gra:nt]	давать, даровать
refuge	[′refju:dʒ]	убежище, пристанище
to persecute	[′pə:sıkju:t]	преследовать, подвергать гонениям
conviction	[kən′vık∫ən]	убеждение, убеждённость
account	[ə′kaυnt]	причина, основание
to proclaim	[prə′kleım]	объявлять, провозглашать
legitimate	[lı′dʒıtımıt]	законный

Exercise 2. Pay attention to the following word combinations.

the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus – Национальное Собрание Республики Беларусь;

the Chamber of Representatives – Палата Представителей;

the Council of the Republic – Совет Республики;

the Council of Ministers – Совет Министров;

the Constitutional Court – Конституционный Суд;

the Supreme Court – Верховный Суд;

the Supreme Economic Court – Высший Хозяйственный Суд;

the Fundamental Law – Основной закон, право;

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Всеобщая декларация прав человека;

the UN Charter – Устав ООН;

the International Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and on Economic, Social and Cultural rights – Международные пакты о гражданских и политических правах и об экономических, социальных и культурных правах;

Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) – Организация по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе (ОБСЕ).

Exercise 3. Read the following words and try to guess their meaning.

Unitary [′ju:nıtərı], democratic [demə′krætık], social [′səυ∫əl], territory [′terıtərı], symbol [′sımb(ə)l], sovereign [′svrın], general [′dʒen(ə)rəl], central [′sentrəl], economic [‚ekə′nmık], constitution [‚knstı′tju:∫(ə)n], principle [′prınsıp(ə)l], policy [′plısı], republic [rı′pblık], parliament [′pa:ləmənt], guarantee [¸gærən′tı:], security [sı′kjυərıtı], adequate [′ædıkwıt], propaganda [¸prpə′gændə].

Exercise 4. Read out these phrases several times till you remember their meaning.

carry out domestic and foreign policy	осуществлять внутреннюю и внешнюю политику
state management	государственное управление
general and economic courts	общие и хозяйственные суды
give evaluation	оценивать
principle of the supremacy of law	принцип верховенства закона
provision of personal rights and freedoms	обеспечение личных прав и свобод
free treatment	бесплатное лечение (обслуживание)
health care institutions	органы здравоохранения
general education	общее образование
professional technical training	профессионально-техническое обучение
secondary special education	средне-специальное образование
loss of breadwinner	потеря кормильца
universally acknowledged principles	общепризнанные принципы
threat of force	угроза применения силы
peaceful settlement	мирное урегулирование
non-interference into domestic affairs	невмешательство во внутренние дела
a nuclear weapon-free zone	зона свободная от ядерного оружия

Exercise 5. Match the word from A with its best association from B. Use the phrases in your own sentences.

A B

1) carry out	a) free, direct, secret ballot
2) provision of	b) domestic affairs
3) elect by	c) supremacy
4) non-interference into	d) legislative, executive and judicial branches
5) possess	e) domestic and foreign policy
6) division into	f) personal rights and freedoms
7) national and racist	g) borders
8) inviolability of	h) hostility

Exercise 6. Make sure you know all the words in the box. Read their definitions and match the words with their definitions.

elect legislation supremacy prohibit court protection constitution legitimate

1. To select by vote for an office or for membership.

2. Laws and principles according to which a state is governed.

3. To forbid by authority.

4. A place where civil, criminal and other cases are tried.

5. A position of superiority or authority over all others.

6. The process of writing and passing laws.

7. Something that prevents somebody or something from being harmed or damaged.

8. Legal or having official status defined by law.

Exercise 7. Read and translate the text.