- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •I. Match the synonyms:
- •III. Choose the correct item to fill in the gaps:
- •IV. Give English equivalents for the following word combinations using active vocabulary:
- •V. Complete each sentence using a word or a phrase from the text (the first letter of the word is given):
- •VI. Read the text and choose the word or word combination from the box to fill in the gaps. Mind one extra word/word combination you do not need to use:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •Verbs followed by an infinitive
- •VIII. Use the verbs from the table to do the following:
- •Imagine that you are the ceo of a large international corporation. Write five sentences for your letter to shareholders concerning the strategy of the company.
- •IX. Rewrite the following sentences using the verbs in brackets and the appropriate form of the infinitive:
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •II. Match the terms to their definitions:
- •III. Make the following sentences complete by translating the words and phrases in brackets:
- •IV. Match the words to form collocations as they appear in the text . Make your own sentences using these collocations:
- •V. Which word is odd? You may need to consult a dictionary to distinguish the differences in meaning:
- •VI. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •Passive voice
- •VIII. Use an appropriate passive verb form to complete each sentence:
- •IX. Use an appropriate passive verb form to rewrite the following sentences. Put a cross, where passive is not possible:
- •X. Render the following text into English:
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary Focus
- •I. Change the words in brackets so that they make sense in the sentences. The first one has already been done for you:
- •VI. Study the spidergrams, match the world combinations to their Russian equivalents and use them in your own sentences:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Render the following text into English:
- •Follow-up exercises
- •Traditionally, a child’s mother is the woman who gave birth to that child. How might advances in science cause judges to review rules they might have established about “motherhood”?
- •Give four advances in science or medicine that might cause judges to re-examine rules they have made about issues such as theft, copyright, or murder. Just for fun
- •It’s funny
Active Vocabulary
|
legal system |
правовая система |
|
political structure |
политическое устройство |
|
social values |
общественные ценности |
|
upheaval |
переворот |
|
political continuity |
политическая преемственность |
|
legal principle |
правовой принцип |
|
common law |
общее право |
|
сontinental law |
континентально-европейское право |
|
case law |
прецедентное право |
|
legal relation |
правоотношение |
|
court ruling |
судебная практика |
|
statute |
статут, законодательный акт парламента |
|
precedent |
прецедент |
|
criminal case |
уголовное дело |
|
to bind |
ограничивать, обязывать |
|
equity |
право справедливости |
|
to solve disputes |
разрешать конфликты |
|
to fulfill a contract |
выполнить условия контракта |
|
to pay damages |
уплатить денежное возмещение |
Vocabulary Focus
I. Change the words in brackets so that they make sense in the sentences. The first one has already been done for you:
The phrase “the Rule of Law” is 1 (frequent) frequently used. What does it mean? It is government according to law but not law that is 2 (oppress) or perverse. Dictatorships pass laws that are oppressive and curtail liberty, but the Rule of Law does not apply to them. And in police state, the law is used as an instrument of 3 (oppress). There is the fear of the knock on the door in the middle of the night followed or even being reported to as “the authorities” by people one thought were one’s friends.
The Rule of Law means that everyone is subject to the same law, whenever they come from and whatever they have done. The poorest and most 4 (disadvantage) members of the community have the same rights as the most exalted. Everyone is presumed innocent of a crime until proved guilty by a 5 (proper) constituted court of law. The police cannot 6 (arbitrary) enter anyone’s home. We all have the right to express our views unless they are defamatory or likely to lead to a breach of the peace, and we are all free to follow the religion of our choice without 7 (interfere).
II. Match the terms to their definitions:
|
1. |
dispute |
a) |
logical sequence, cohesion, or connection |
|
2. |
bind |
b) |
the body of law based on judicial decisions and custom, as distinct from statute law |
|
3. |
upheaval |
c) |
an argument or quarrel |
|
4. |
statute |
d) |
to impose legal obligations or duties upon |
|
5. |
precedent |
e) |
a permanent rule made by a body or institution for the government of its internal affairs |
|
6. |
continuity |
f) |
a strong, sudden, or violent disturbance, as in politics, social conditions, etc |
|
7. |
damage |
g) |
a judicial decision that serves as an authority for deciding a later case |
|
8. |
common law |
h) |
a formal agreement between two or more parties |
|
9. |
contract |
i) |
injury or harm impairing the function or condition of a person or thing |