Economic situation in Great Britain. Past Continuous.

Ex.1. Прочитайте та запам’ятайте наступні слова:

dependent – залежний

foodstuffs - харчові продукти

vehicles - транспортні засоби

benefited - принесено вигоди

conurbations – великі міста

widespread – широко поширений

Ex. 2. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:

Economy

Great Britain is one of the world's leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. The country also must import about 40% of its food suplies. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. Within the manufacturing sector, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; motor vehicles and parts; aircraft; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; petroleum; coal; food processing; paper and printing; textiles; and clothing.

During the 1970s and 80s, nearly 3.5 million manufacturing jobs were lost, but in the 1990s over 3.5 million jobs were created in service-related industries. By the late 1990s, banking, insurance, business services, and other service industries accounted for two thirds of the GDP and employed almost 70% of the workforce. This trend was also reflected in a shift in Great Britain's economic base, which has benefited the southeast, southwest, and Midlands regions of the country, while the north of England and Northern Ireland have been hard hit by the changing economy.

The main industrial and commercial areas are the great conurbations, where about one third of the country's population lives. The administrative and financial center and most important port is Greater London, which also has various manufacturing industries. London is Europe's foremost financial city. Metal goods, vehicles, aircraft, synthetic fibers, and electronic equipment are made in the West Midlands conurbation, which with the addition of Coventry, city (1991 pop. 318,718) and metropolitan district, central England.

Great Britain has abundant supplies of coal, oil, and natural gas. Production of oil from offshore wells in the North Sea began in 1975, and the country is self-sufficient in petroleum. Other mineral resources include iron ore, tin, limestone, salt, china clay, oil shale, gypsum, and lead.

About 25% of Britain's land is arable, and almost half is suitable for meadows and pastures. Its agriculture is highly mechanized and extremely productive; barley, wheat, rapeseed, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, and vegetables are the main crops. The widespread dairy industry produces milk, eggs, and cheese. Beef cattle and large numbers of sheep, as well as poultry and pigs, are raised throughout much of the country. There is also a sizable fishing industry, with cod, haddock, mackerel, whiting, trout, salmon, and shellfish making up the bulk of the catch.

The country's chief exports are manufactured goods, machinery, fuels, chemicals, semifinished goods, and transport equipment. The chief imports are manufactured goods, machinery, semifinished and consumer goods, and foodstuffs. Since the early 1970s, Great Britain's trade focus has shifted from the United States to the European Union, which now accounts for over 50% of its trade. Germany, the United States, France, and the Netherlands are the main trading partners, and the Commonwealth countries are also important.

Ex. 3. Складіть 5 запитань до тексту.

Ex. 4. Пригадайте правила вживання Past Continuous:

Утворення: Past Continuous утворюється з Допоміжного дієслова to Be в Past Indefinite та дієприкметника теперішнього часу основного дієслова Формула утворення: Be + IV форма Was - однина Were- множина e. g. I was reading at that time. We were sleeping from 5 till 10. Питальна форма За допомогою інверсії (was, were ставиться на перше місце). Was I reading? Were you sleeping? Заперечна форма За допомогою часки not, що ставиться після was ,were. Вживання: 1 Для вираження дії, що відбувалась, тривала певний момент у минулому. e. g. I was reading at that time. 2 для вираження дії, що тривала протягом якогось періоду часу в минулому. e. g. He was studying at the university in 1999. 3 У підрядних речення означає дію, яка відбулась раніше іншої дії E. g. When the teacher came in they were reading the text 4 Для вираження майбутньої дії стосовно минулого часу з дієсловами to go He was going to be a doctor - Він збирався стати лікарем

Ex. 5. Розкрийте дужки вживаючи дієслова в Past Continuous:

1. I (not to speak) to the manager from three to half past five last Thursday.

2. Lucy (to iron) clothes from 5 to 7 o’clock last Saturday?

3. They (to wait) for a trolley-bus during some minutes.

4. When you came in, I (to do) my homework.

5. It (not to rain) the whole evening yesterday .

6. They (to have) dinner at half past yesterday?

7. You (to sleep) from three hours in the afternoon?

8. Jack (to speak) to his friend when I saw him at the terminus.

9. My mother ( not to dust) the furniture when I came home yesterday.

10. I (to play) the piano while my sister (to read).

Ex. 6. Поставте наступні речення в заперечній та запитальній формі:

1. We were training in the gym yesterday evening.

2. The children were doing their homework at six.

3. The gardener was whitewashing the trees last Tuesday.

4. She was feeding the baby.

5. Their son was going to be a painter.

6. The people were talking.

7. Ron was speaking to his friend after the lessons.

8. The bells were ringing.

9. He was cooking the dinner.

10. People were waiting for the train on the platform.

11. Nobody was listening.

12Jane was opening her presents in the bedroom.

13. She was playing the piano when you came in.

14. I was preparing the program.

15. We were driving down the highway.

Ex. 7. Поставте наступні речення в Past Continuous:

1. His uncle went to London last week.

2. The man is standing near the door.

3. Granny baked apple pies last Wednesday.

4. She is reading a thrilling story.

5. Tom told a story.

6. We wrote a dictation two days ago.

7. The children swam in the river.

8. The teacher is non asking questions.

9. Is Mary wearing a white dress?

10. She went to the cinema.

11. They did not work in the garden.

12. We are not sitting by the window.

13. The workers built a bridge.

14. The girl tried on a dress.

15. The old man spoke in a low voice.

Домашнє завдання:

Ex. 1. Вивчіть новий лексичний матеріал.

Ex. 4. Вивчіть правило.

Ex. 8. Виберіть правильну форму дієслова:

1. Footsteps behind him made him turn his head. A young man ... up the path (come/comes/came/is coming/was coming). 2. Mrs. Folliat says she ... in the tea tent from four o'clock on (help/helps/helped/was helping). 3. You for something just now.... you not? (is searching/was searching/were searching; is/was/were). 4. They were silent for a while and then he saw that Isabel (cries/cried/ is crying/was crying).

Ex. 9. Перекажіть текст: «Economy»

Питання дня самоконтролю:

1. Коли вживається Past Continuous?

2. Як утворюється Past Continuous?

3. Опишіть економічну ситуацію в Великобританії.

Unit.8. Освіта в Україні. Future Continuous.

Ex.1. Дайте відповідь на подані нижче запитання:

1. What educational establishments in Ukraine do you know?

2. What school did you study at?

3. How do you think is higher education free of charge?

4. Where do you study?

5. What faculty do you study at?

6. What educational levels does the higher education include?

7. How many years will student study to get the degree of junior specialist?

Ex.2. Прочитайте та запам’ятайте наступні слава та вирази:

developed country - розвинута країна

to consider - вважатися

human values - людські цінності

Universal secondary compulsory education- загальна обов’язкова середня освіта

Primary education- початкова освіта

Vocational education- професійно - технічна освіта

Educational opportunities- можливість отримати освіту

Freshman- першокурсник

Sophomore- другокурсник

Senior year- випускний курс

Term- семестр

sports ground —спортивний майданчик

Ex.3. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст: