Education in Ukraine

All citizens of Ukraine have the right to education. The educational system in our country includes pre-school education, secondary education (general or vocational education) and higher education.

Preschool education consists of kindergartens. Children learn to paint, draw and count there. But preschool education isn’t compulsory – children can get it at home. Compulsory education is for

children from 6 (7) to 18 years of age.

The main link in the system of education is the general secondary school. Children start school at the age of 6 and leave it at 18.

There are various types of schools: general secondary schools, colleges, so called lyceums, gymnasia and so on. The term of study in a general secondary school is 12 years and it consists of primary, middle and upper stages. The first stage of education is a primary school for grades 1 through 4.

The second stage (middle) is a secondary school for grades 5 through 9. At the middle stage of a secondary school the children get the basic knowledge about nature and society at the lessons of History, Algebra, Literature, Physics and many other subjects. After the 9th form pupils can either continue to attend the same school (high school – grades 10–12) or enter a vocational school or a trade school. At vocational and trade schools young people can master a number of useful skills (for example, those of a technical or

a computer operator).

Those who leave the general secondary school and vocational or trade school receive the school living certificate. Then they have the right to pass standardized tests and enter higher educational institutions — universities. School life is the most beautiful time of our life.

Ex.4. Заповніть пропуски в поданих реченнях:

1. All citizens of Ukraine have the … to education.

2. Children learn to paint, … and count there.

3. Children start … at the age of 6 and leave it at 18.

4. The second stage (middle) is a secondary … for grades 5 through 9.

5. School life is the most beautiful … of our life.

Ex.5. Прочитайте та перекладіть діалог:

A.- Tom, I have big news to tell you. I have made a very big decision.

T.- Well, come on. What is it?

A.- I am going to apply to technical college.

T.- You are what? But I thought you wanted to teach.

A.-1 have decided to give that up. I have a friend, who had got the degree in

history. He must teach at school, but he has been looking for a teaching position

for a year.

T.- But Ann, it is very difficult to enter the technical college today.

A.- I know, but I try.

T.- Well, good luck!

Ex.6. Пригадайте правила вживання майбутнього тривалого часу (The Future Continuous): Утворення Future Continuous утворюється з допоміжного дієслова to Be в Future Indefinite та дієприкметника теперішнього часу основного дієслова Формула утворення: Be + IV e. g. I will be reading at that time He will be sleeping at that time. Питальна форма За допомогою інверсії ( will ставиться перед підметом) e. g. Will I be working at that time? Will he be reading from 7 till 9? Заперечна форма За допомогою частки not, що ставиться після will. e.g. I will not be reading I won’t be reading. ( коротка форма) Вживання: 1 Future Continuous вживається для вираження тривалої дії, що відбуватиметься в який момент або період часу в майбутньому. e.g. I will be reading a book at 7. He will be working at that time. When you come, I will be reading a book (коли ти прийдеш, я буду читати книгу). 2 У сучасній мові Future Continuous вживаються в тому значенні, що і Future Indefinite. He will be going to school. He will go to school. Він ходить до школи Ситуація: Давай завтра після обіду підемо в кіно. Я не можу бо завтра я буду допомагати мамі ( I will be helping my mother at that time)

Ex.7. Розкрийте дужки вживаючи дієслово в Future Continuous:

1. I (to watch) television all evening.

2. We (to watch) TV when you come.

3. She (not to work) at home the whole day tomorrow.

4. They (to stay) at a new hotel.

5. I (not to play) the piano at this time tomorrow.

6. She (to post) a parcel in the afternoon.

7. He (to live) in Kyiv for the next few weeks?

8. I (to take) my exam in English at this time tomorrow.

9. You (to do) your home task all these days?

10. Dan (to enjoy) the sunshine on the beach?

11. He (to have) a dancing class at 2 p. m. tomorrow.

12. Peter (not to read) the whole night.

13. We (to have) coffee?

14. They (to work) in the garden on Saturday from 8 till 10 o'clock.

15. Tom (to have) a bath at this time?

16. Where you (to wait) for me?

17. They ( not to make) a report at 7 o'clock tomorrow.

18. What Susan (to do) at nine o'clock tomorrow?

19. You (to send) a telegram at 9 o'clock in the morning.

20. Where he (to pass) his exam?

Ex.8. Складіть 7 власних речень у Future Continuous.

Ex.9. Поставте запитання до поданих речень:

1. I shall be getting a money order at this time tomor­row.

2. We’ll be walking among the New York skyscrapers this time tomorrow.

3. He will be sending a telegram at 7 o'clock.

4. She will be waiting for a call after supper.

5. We shall be packing our things when you come.

6. We shall be answering letters all the morning.

7. He’ll be wailing for you.

8. They will be looking through letters and telegrams from 8 till 9 a. m.

9. A telegraph boy will be delivering telegrams all day long.

10. They’ll be having dinner at three.

7. A post­man will be delivering letters, magazines and newspapers all the morning tomorrow.

Ex.10. Поставте подані нижче речення у Future Continuous:

1. John is filling out the form to post a parcel. 2. The students will discuss it on Friday. 3. They were having dinner at 3 o'clock. 4. Helen will send a postal order tomorrow. 5. I am doing my morning exercises. 6. They usually have dinner at 3 p. m. 7. The boy will play hockey.

Домашнє завдання:

Ex. 2. Вивчіть новий лексичний матеріал.

Ex. 6. Вивчіть правило.

Ex.11. Поставте подані нижче речення у заперечній формі:

1. She will be posting a printed matter at this time tomorrow. 2. I shall be waiting for you at the Call-Office. 3. We shall be watching TV tonight. 4.He will be flying to London at this time tomorrow. 5. You will be waiting for me at 3 p. m. at the Inquiry Office.

6. The postman will be collecting the letters out of the pillar-boxes at 8 o'clock tomorrow. 7. He will be working in the savings bank at the usual time the day after tomor­row. 8. Nick will be fling to Paris at 4 o'clock tomorrow. 9. They will be leaving for Kyiv soon. 10. I shall be writing a letter tonight.

Ex.12. Висловіть свою думку:

1. The principal tasks of higher education.

2. Problems of higher education in Ukraine.

3. My entering the technical college.

Питання дня самоконтролю:

1. Коли вживається Future Continuous?

2. Як утворюється Future Continuous?

3. What educational establishments in Ukraine do you know?

4. What school did you study at?

Unit.9. Освіта в Великобританії. Закріплення попередніх знань.

Ex. 1. Дайте відповіді на питання:

1. Is British educational system different than Ukrainian?

2. Are there any private schools in England?

3. When do British boys and girls begin to go to school?

4. Have you read anything about the uniform at schools and universities in England?

Ex. 2. Прочитайте та запам’ятайте наступні слова та вирази:

• compulsory education- обов'язкова освіта

• nursery school- дитячий садок

• primary education- початкова освіта

• selective- вибірковий

• a vide choice of subjects- широкий вибір предметів

• vocational training- професійна підготовка

• grammar schools- класичні школи

• unfair- несправедливий

• General Certificate of Secondary Education- свідоцтво про закінчення середньої школи в Англії

• Advanced level( A level) - екзамен за програмою середньої школи на підвищеному рівні

• Catering- громадське харчування

• To be run- проводитися, викладатися

• Youth training scheme- освітня молодіжна програма

• Living allowance- грошова допомога

• Postgraduate- аспірантський

- Bachelor of Arts or Science- бакалавр гуманітарних або математичних наук

• Professional bodies- професійні органи

• Grand- стипендія

• Loan- позика

• Award- присуджувати

Ex. 3. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст:

Education in Great Britain

All children and young people between the ages of 4 or 5 and 16 must receive full-time education. About 93 percent receive free education from public funds, the rest attend private fee-paying schools. The average pupil-teacher ratio for all schools is about 47 to 1.

The principal examination, at about the age of 16, is the General Certificate of Secondary Education. A mixture of the advanced level of the General Certificate of Education and advanced supplimentary level (giving opportunities for study in a wider range of subjects) may be taken at 18. It is the standard for entrance to higher education courses as well as many forms of professional training. About 2/5 of all young people get some form of post-school education. About 1/6 enter full-time higher education courses at the 47 universities, 31 polytechnics, 15 Scottish central institutions and other publicly funded colleges. Over 90 percent of students on full-time higher-education courses receive tuition and maintenance grants from public funds.

The public exams taken by British schoolchildren are GCSEs (the General Certificate of Secondary Education). They take them at 16. Some children take 3 or 4, others take as many as 10 or 11. Those who have passed GCSEs may remain at school for another 2 years and take their “A” (advanced) level exams. Any student who wants to go to university needs to pass at least 2 or 3 “A” levels.

There are different kinds of educational institutions in Great Britain: universities, colleges (residential and non-residential), University extra-mural departments, evening departments at colleges.

At the beginning of your last year at school you receive an application form. On this form you choose up to five universities that you would like to go to. The form is sent to those universities with information from your school about you and your academic record. If the universities are interested in your application, they will ask you to attend an interview. If they are still interested after the interview, they will offer you a place.

At present there are about 40 universities in Great Britain: practically every big city of the country has a university.

A university usually consists of some colleges, which are a part of the University. They provide training and give degrees to their students.

Universities in Britain are different from those in other countries. They greatly differ from each other in date of foundation, history, tradition, size, methods of teaching, way of student life, etc.

Until the 19th century there were only two universities in England: Oxford and Cambridge. Both Universities are residential. They have a tutorial system of education. Each student has a tutor who helps the student to plan his work.

The student must regularly come to see his tutor. They discuss different questions and problems. A student writes papers on the subject which he is studying and submits them regularly to his tutor for correction.

College is a separate institution. Most colleges are state colleges but there are also private colleges. At present there are about 300 technical colleges in England. They give diplomas, not degrees.

The academic year has 3 terms. Each term lasts about eight — ten weeks. Between terms the students have their holidays — a month in winter, a month in spring and three or four months in summer.

Ex. 4. Складіть 3 запитання до тексту.

Ex. 5. Заповніть пропуски:

1. The average pupil-teacher ratio for all … is about 47 to 1.

2. It is the standard for entrance to higher education courses as well as many … of professional training.

3. Any student who wants to go to … needs to pass at least 2 or 3 “A” levels.

4. If they are still interested after the interview, they will … you a place.

5. They provide training and give … to their students.

6. The student must regularly … to see his tutor.

7. Most colleges are state colleges but there are also … colleges.

Ex. 6. Прочитайте в парах діалог:

- Hello, Tom!

- Hi, Ann!

- Will you try to enter the university this year?

- Yes, I work hard to do this. I want to become a student of Oxford University.

- What is necessary to enter the good British University?

- Good "A " level results in at least two subjects.

Домашнє завдання:

Ex. 1. Вивчіть новий лексичний матеріал.

Ex. 7. Перекажіть текст: «Education in Great Britain»

Питання дня самоконтролю:

1. Is British educational system different than Ukrainian?

2. Are there any private schools in England?

3. When do British boys and girls begin to go to school?

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