- •1) Systematize the main notions of syntax and illustrate with examples
- •2) Point out the basic features of phrase and give examples
- •3)Formulate the definitions of subject
- •4) Speak about the classification of phrase according the structure
- •5) Speak about classification of phrase according to the head component
- •6) Give general characteristic of the sentence
- •7)Classification of a phrase according to the structure. Ответ № 4
- •8) General peculiarities of the sentence and it classification
- •9) Main principles of classification of the sentence.
- •10) Classification of sentence according to the structure
- •11) Simple sentence. Main features of the simple sentence.
- •12) One member sentence. It peculiarities.
- •Simple sentence. Two member sentence
- •Subject and it types
- •Predicate and its types
- •16)Secondary member in the sentence
- •17) Object and it types
- •18)Dwell on the problem of the syntactic bond
- •19) Agreement and government as two main types of syntactic relations.
- •20) Three types of aspect in English language: semantic, pragmatic, structural
- •21) Basic features of object. Ответ №17
- •22) State out the main of adverbial modifier.
- •23) Comment on the main features of the attribute
- •24) Dwell of the problem of the complex sentence
- •25) Complex sentence subordinate clauses ответ24
- •26) Give general information of the complex sentence ответ24
- •27) Types of subordinate clauses
- •29) Give general information about compound sentence
- •31 ) Define the classification of the sentence according to the purpose of utterance
- •32) The problems of negative sentence
- •38) Give general information about the primary members of the sentence
- •39) Classification of the sentence according the semantic aspect
- •40) Classification of the sentence according the structural aspect
- •41) Classification of the sentence according pragmatic aspect
- •42) Dwell of the problem of the sentence analysis. Distributional model
- •43) Sentence analyses. Ic modal.
- •44) Transformational modal
- •45) What is the parts of sentence model
- •46) The kernel sentence. Its peculiarities
- •47) Notional parts of speech, its peculiarities
- •52. Adverbial modifier and its function.
- •53.Text and its types.
- •54. Comment on the structural type.
- •55. Comment on the type of the predicate.
- •56. Comment on the type of the subject.
- •57. Comment on the type of adverbial modifier.
- •58. Main peculiarities of the phrase.
- •59 Dwell on the problem of the definition of the phrase.
- •60. Dwell on the problem of the definition of the sentence.
- •61. Rate up the ways of forming words, illustrate with examples.
- •63. Speak about the classification of the phrase according to the structure and illustrate with the examples.
- •64. Speak about the classification of the phrase according to the head component and supply with examples.
- •67. Formulate the definition of subject and give examples.
- •68. Classification of the sentence according to the semantic aspect.
- •69. Classification of the phrase according to the structure.
- •70. General peculiarities of the sentence and its classification.
- •Structural classification of sentences
- •72. Classification of the sentence according to the structure.
- •73. Simple sentence, main features of the simple sentence.
- •74. One member sentence, its peculiarity.
- •75. Simple sentence, two member sentence.
- •77. Give general information of compound sentence.
- •79. Give the full information about subordination and coordination.
- •80. Define the classification of the sentence according to the purpose of utterance.
- •81. The problems of negative sentence.
- •82. Exclamatory sentence and types of exclamation.
79. Give the full information about subordination and coordination.
Coordination-syntagmatic relation of independence . coordination can be observed on the phrase , sentence and a text levels. coordination may be symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric coordination is characterized by complete interchangeability of its elements-pens and pencils. Asymmetric coordination occurs when the position of elements is fixed: ladies and gentleman. Forms of connection within coordination may be copulative (you and me), disjunctive(you or me), adversative (strict but just) and causative –consecutive.
Subordination-syntagmatic relation of dependence. subordinations are established between the constituents of different linguistic rank. They arte observed on the phrase and sentence level, subordination may be of three different kinds –adverbial,(to speak slowly), objective (to see a house) and attributive(a beautiful flower) . forms of subordination may also be different –agreement (this book-these books), government(help us)adjournment (the use of modifying particles just, only, even, etc)and enclosure(the use of modal words and their equivalents really,after all, etc)
80. Define the classification of the sentence according to the purpose of utterance.
The sentence is a minimal unit of communication. From the viewpoint of their role in the process of communication sentences are divided into four types, grammatically marked: declarative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory sentences. These types differ in the aim of communication and express statements, questions, commands and exclamations respectively.
-
Dickens was born in 1812.
When shall I see you again?
Do you know Italian?
Come up and sit down.
What a quiet evening!
These types are usually applied to simple sentences. In a complex sentence the communicative type depends upon that of the main clause, as in:
I waited till the light turned to green. (statement)
Do you always wait till the light turns to green? (question)
Wait till the light turns to green. (command)
How thoughtless of you not to have waited till the light turned to green! (exclamation)
81. The problems of negative sentence.
Both structural and communicative types of sentences fall into affirmative sentences and negative sentences. A sentence is made negative by the particle not which is the most widely used negator. It is put immediately after the auxiliary or modal verb. The negator not has two forms: uncontracted and contracted. The former occurs mainly in formal English; the latter is usual in informal (conversational) English. There are two possible forms of negation contraction: one is when the operator is contracted and the negator uncontracted, and the other is when the negator is contracted but the operator is used in its full form.
Positive |
Negative |
|
|
Uncontracted
|
Contracted |
They’ve come.
|
They have not come. |
They’ve not come. They haven’t come.
|
Tom is arriving tomorrow. |
Tom is not arriving tomorrow. |
Tom isn’t arriving tomorrow.
Tom’s not arriving tomorrow. (The 1st form is more common.)
|
You ought to have come. |
You ought not to have come at all. |
You oughtn’t to have come at all. |
Note that the contracted negative forms of can and will are can’t and won’t and the uncontracted negative of can is cannot. The corresponding forms of shall are shall not and shan’t.
He will be late.
I can come early. I shall come early. |
He will not be late.
I cannot come early. I shall not come early |
He’ll not be late. He won’t be late. I can’t come early. I shan’t come early. |
Only the full negative form is possible for the first person singular of the verb to be in declarative sentences, I'т not late, the form ain’t being used only in dialects and uneducated forms of English. However, the verb contraction I'т is possible.
If the predicate verb is in the present or past indefinite, the auxiliary do is used with not to form the negative.