5. Use the material provided in the table to draw a timeline. Mark the peak periods. These are some key-words that might help you. Do the internet or library research to mark the other periods.

World War I Gold Rush Central Pacific Railroad German Revolution

slavery Vietnam War Irish Potato Famine World War II ……

Number of immigrants

Pre-1720

6. Make a speech about the reasons for immigration to the usa. Use the information of the table and the timeline to give examples.

7. Study the table and speak about the latest tendencies of immigration to the usa.

Country	#/year	2000	2004	2010	2010, %
Canada	24,200	678,000	774,800	920,000	2.3%
China	50,900	1,391,000	1,594,600	1,900,000	4.7%
Cuba	14,800	952,000	1,011,200	1,100,000	2.7%
Dominican Republic	24,900	692,000	791,600	941,000	2.3%
El Salvador	33,500	765,000	899,000	1,100,000	2.7%
India	59,300	1,007,000	1,244,200	1,610,000	4.0%
Korea	17,900	701,000	772,600	880,000	2.2%
Mexico	175,900	7,841,000	8,544,600	9,600,000	23.7%
Philippines	47,800	1,222,000	1,413,200	1,700,000	4.2%
Vietnam	33,700	863,000	997,800	1,200,000	3.0%
Total Pop. Top 10	498,900	16,112,000	18,747,600	21,741,000	53.7%
Total Foreign Born	940,000	31,100,000	34,860,000	40,500,000	100%

Historical Data from 2000 U.S. Census and 2004 Yearbook of Immigrant Statistics

8. Make a report about an immigrant who became a self-made person.

READING 2

1. Read the text and say why a country needs immigrants.

Rodger Doyle

Coming to america

The current wave of immigration, which rivals the massive influx of 1880-1914, started with the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. Since then, about 27 million legal immigrants have crossed the boarder. In addition, an estimated 10.3 million illegal ones live in the U.S. "The net result is that, as of 2004, there were 34.2 million foreign-born residents in the country. More than half are from Latin America and about a quarter are from Asia, which contrasts with the pre-World War I period, when the foreign-born were overwhelmingly European.

Today's surge, like its predecessor, is profoundly affecting the culture and economics of the U.S., particularly in southern Florida, southern California and the New York metropolitan area. In 2004 the foreign-born accounted for 11.3 percent of the population, and at their present rate of increase, this figure could exceed the record of 14.6 percent in 1890. The foreign-born now account for half the growth of the U.S. population.

One reason that the U.S. draws immigrants is the long-standing shortage of native-born workers. Too few Americans are acquiring scientific and engineering skills: of the foreign-born, 3.3 percent of those 18 years of age and older hold higher degrees, such as Ph.Ds and J.Ds(Doctor of Law) compared with 2.2 percent of the native-born population. At the same time, the native-born shun many manual jobs. Farm labor, for instance, is largely foreign-born. Several Californian industries, such as apparel and construction, depend almost exclusively on immigrant workers.

Another stimulus to immigration is U.S. involvement abroad, which has led to waves of migrants from South Korea, Vietnam, Cuba and other countries. Other triggers include civil conflict, as in Colombia, and hard times, as in the former Soviet countries.

Although some immigrants are a burden on the welfare system, as a group they pay far more in taxes than they receive in government benefits, such as public education and social services. A National Academy of sсiences study in 1997 found that immigrants had little impact on the earnings of U.S. born Americans, except for unskilled jobs, where native-born high school dropouts found their wages going down because of соmpetition from unskilled immigrants. According to the National Foreign Intelligence Board, an advisory body to the Central Intelligence Agency, the more liberal immigration policies of the U.S. have given it a competitive edge over Europe and Japan in industries such as information technology.

Discussion Points.

1. Which jobs do immigrants typically get?

2. Tell how immigration affects the US economy.

3. Explain why the USA attracts immigrants and why immigration is restricted.

4. What would happen if all immigrants decided to go home?

SPEAKING

1. Find information and make an oral presentation about immigration to Russia and the immigrants’ contribution to Russian culture and economy.

2. Work in groups. Imagine you left your native country to live abroad for several years. Answer the questions:

What challenges would you face?

To what extent is it necessary to assimilate to the new culture?

Would you have to break with your own culture?

What customs would you keep?

INDIVIDUAL READING

1. Read one of the following and report to the class.

NON-FICTION

1. Adamson-Taylor, Sally (1990). Culture shock! France. Kuperard, London. 2. Anderson, Hans Christian (1974). The complete fairy tales and stories. Translated by Erik Christian 3.Hangaard. Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing, New York. 4. Appel, Rene & Pieter Muysken (1987). Language contact and bilingualism. Edward Arnold, London. 5. Barzini, Luigi (1988). The Europeans. Simon & Schuster, New York. 6. Bermont, John (1986). How-to Europe. Murphy & Broad, Newport Beach, CA. 7. Blanchard, Kenneth & Spencer Johnson (1982). The one-minute manager. William Morrow & Co., New York. 8. Bochner, Stephen (ed.) (1982). Cultures in contact: Studies in cross-cultural interaction. Pergammon Press Ltd. 9. Braganti, Nancy L. & Elizabeth Devine (1984). European customs & manners. Meadowbrook Inc., Deephaven MN. 10. Brislin, Richard W. (1981). Cross-Cultural encounters: Face-to-face interaction. Pergamon Press, New York. 11. Campbell, Joseph (ed) (1971) The portable Jung. Penguin Books, New York. 12. Campbell, Joseph (1990) Transformations of myth through time. Harper & Row, New York. 13. Casse, Pierre (1984). Training for the multicultural manager. SIETAR International, Washington D.C. 14. Casse, Pierre (1984). Training for the cross-cultural mind. SIETAR International, Washington D.C. 15. Clarkson, Petruska (1989). Gestalt Counseling in Action. Sage, London. 16. Craig, Gordon A. (1982). The Germans. Penguin Books, New York. 17. Do's & taboo's around the world. Compiled by the Parker Pen Company. The Benjamin Company, Elmsford, New York, 1985. 18. Exporter's guide to federal resources for small businesses. A publication of the U.S. Small Business Administration Office of International Trade. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., 1992. 19. 50 simple things you can do to save the Earth. Compiles by the EarthWorks Group. EarthWorks Press, California, 1989. 20. Fredette, Jean M. (ed) (1988). Handbook of magazine article writing. Writers Digest Books, Ohio. 21. Furnham, Adrian & Stephen Bochner (1986). Culture shock: Psychological reactions to unfamiliar environments. Methuen & Co. Ltd., London. 22. Hall, Edward T. (1977). The silent language. Anchor Press, Doubleday. 23. Hall, Edward T. (1977). The hidden dimension. Anchor Press, Doubleday. 24. Hall, Edward T. (1977). Beyond culture. Anchor Press, Doubleday. 25. Harris, Philip R. & Robert T. Moran (1988). Managing cultural differences. Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX. 26. Janssen, Gretchen (1989). Women overseas: A Christian perspective. Intercultural Press, New York. 27. Kohls, Robert (1984). Intercultural training: Don't leave home without it. SIETAR International, Washington D.C. 28. Leites, Nathan (1969). The rules of the game. Translated by Derek Coltman. University of Chicago Free Press. 29. le Page, R. & A. Tabouret-Keller (1985). Acts of identity. Cambridge University Press, London. 30. Kramer, Jane (1988). Europeans. Straus & Giroux, New York. 31. Marsella/Pederson, Cross-Cultural counseling and psychotherapy. Pergamon Press, New York. 32. Moran, Robert T. (1989). Venturing abroad: Europe. International Management, McGraw Hill, London. 33. Nelson-Jones, Richard (1988). Practical Counseling and helping skills. Cassell, London. 34. Newmark, Women's roles: A cross-cultural perspective. Pergamon Press, New York. 35. Peck, M. Scott (1978) The Road Less Traveled. Simon & Schuster, New York. 36. Platt, Polly, French or Foe. 37. Roth-Walsh, Mary (1987). The psychology of women: Ongoing debates. Vail-Ballou, New York. 38. Stock, Gregory (1987). Book of questions. Workman Publishing, New York. 39. Tannahill, Reay (1992). Sex in history. Scarborough House, New York. 40. Varro, Gabrielle (1988). The transplanted woman: A study of French-American marriages in France. Praeger, Westport, CT. 41. Win, David (1987). International Careers. Williamson Publishing, Vermont.

FICTION

1. Ambler, Eric- Passage of arms.

2. Barich, Bill- Traveling light. 3. Bowles, Paul- Their heads are green & their hands are blue. 4. Durrell, Lawrence- Bitter lemons. 5. Eden, Emily- Up the country. 6. Farrell, JG- Indian diary. 7. Forster, EM- A passage to India. 8. Forster, EM- Hill of Devi. 9. Forman, Milos- Time. 10. Fussell, Paul- Abroad. 11. Greene, Graham- Journey without maps. 12. Grimble, Arthur- A pattern of islands. 13. Haley, Alex- Roots. 14. Hall, Edward T.- The dance of life.

15. Hall, Edward T.- The hidden dimension. 16. Hazlitt, William- Notes of a journey through France and Italy. 17. Huxley, Aldus- Along the road. 18. Huxley, Aldus- Brave New World. 19. Huxley, Aldus- Jesting Pilate. 20. James, Clive- Flying visits. 21. Jenkyns, Richard- The Victorians & ancient Greece. 22. Johnson, Diane - Le Divorce and Le Mariage (in English). 23. Kipling, Rudyard- We and they. 24. Lewis, CS- Out of the silent planet & other travels. 25. Mangham, Somerset- The gentleman in the parlor. 26. Naipaul, VS- An area of darkness. 27. Nalpole, Horace- Letters. 28. Scott, Paul- The Raj quartet. 29. Seth, Vikram- From heaven lake. 30. Smollett, Tobias- Travels through France & Italy. 31. Twain, Mark- A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. 32. Twain, Mark- The innocents abroad. 33. Woolf, Leonard- Growing. 34. Young, Arthur- Travels in France.