9. Сделайте письменный перевод текста.

What is Macroeconomics?

The word “macroeconomics” means economics in the large. The macroeconomist’s concerns are with such global questions as total production, total employment, the rate of change of overall prices, the rate of economic growth and so on. The questions asked by the macroeconomist are in terms of broad aggregates –what determines the spending of all consumers as opposed to the microeconomic question of how the spending decisions of individual households are made; what determines the capital spending of all firms combined as opposed to the decision to build a new factory by a single firm; what determines total unemployment in the economy as opposed to why there have been layoffs in a specific industry.

Macroeconomists measure overall economic activity; analyze the determinants of such activity by the use of macroeconomic theory: forecast future economic activity; and attempt to formulate policy responses designed to reconcile forecasts with target values of production, employment and prices.

An important task of macroeconomics is to develop ways of aggregating the values of the economic activities of individuals and firms into meaningful totals. To this end such concepts as gross domestic product (GDP), national income, personal income and personal disposable income have been developed.

Macroeconomic analyses attempts to explain how to the magnitudes of the principal macroeconomic variables are determined and how they interact. And through the development of the theories of the business cycle and economic growth, macroeconomics helps to explain the dynamics of how these aggregates move over time.

Macroeconomics is concerned with such major policy issues as the attainment and maintenance of full employment and price stability. Considerable effort must first expended to determine what goals could be achieved. Experience teaches that it would not be possible to eliminate inflation entirely without inducting a major recession combined with high unemployment. Similarly, an overambitious employment target would produce labor shortages and wage inflation.

Вариант №3

1. Спишите, подчеркните сказуемое. Определите видовременную форму и залог глагола. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. They were speaking to him.

2. If we take a taxi, we shall be in time there.

3. The text has already been written by them.

4. Long, long ago the people of Egypt made paper from the tall grass that grew on the banks of the river Nile.

5. They will have passed their exams by 3 o’clock.

6. The bag is too heavy. I’ll help you with it.

7. We translated this text.

8. We have done this work.

9. This work must be done at once.

10. The secretary was typing the manager’s report at 10 o’clock yesterday morning.

2. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму. К выделенным словам задайте специальные вопросы.

1. The economic situation is getting worse.

2. We have just set up a new firm in Argentina.

3. I changed my money 2 days ago.

4. He was in the office.

5. It takes me ten minutes to go to work.

3. Заполните пропуски словами some, any, every, no или их производными.

1. Is there … in the room? – No, there is … there.

2. … will tell you the way to the market.

3. Did you say … ? – No, I said … .

4. Give me … to read.

5. We have received … information from him.

4. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в соответствующую форму. Помните о согласовании времен в придаточных условия и времени.

1. If you (catch) a taxi, you (meet) Mary at the station.

2. We (call) for an ambulance, if he (feel) worse.

3. If I (see) Bob I (give) him the message.

4. If you (make) me strong coffee I (be) very thankful.

5. When the bus (come), we (be) ready to go.

5. Переведите прямую речь в косвенную.

1. The boss said: “Make e telex.”

2. The director said to us: “Be quiet, please.”

3. She said to him: “Come at five o’clock.”

4. I said to her: “Please bring me the report”.

5. He said to me: “Don’t go there.”

6. Спишите, подчеркните причастие II, определите его функции и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The ship chartered by the buyers will arrive at Odessa next week.

2. The letters were typed.

3. He sent me some illustrated catalogues.

4. The goods discharged yesterday have been sent to the customhouse.

7. Спишите и переведите, обращая внимание на перевод сложного дополнения (Complex Object).

1. I would like the Finish Buyers to increase the order.

2. We heard the Director making a speech.

3. You expect the contract to be signed today, don’t you? –Yes, we do. But I’m afraid that it won’t be signed.

4. When do you want the Model AB compressors to be tested? -By the end of the month.

8. Прочитайте текст и выполните задания к нему.

Foreign Trade Zones/Free Trade Zones

Foreign Trade Zones (FTZs) are areas in the country that are treated as foreign territory. Foreign goods can be imported into these areas without payment of duties imposed by the national government. These goods can be sold then and supplied from the FTZs to other countries duty free. When these goods are shipped into the country to which FTZ belongs, the duty is imposed.

The advantage of FTZ is that it provides jobs for native workers and markets for goods produced in the country. There are doing more than 7 billion dollars of business and create more than 30 thousand jobs. The most well known are the Brooklyn Navy Yard (New York), Del Rio (Texas), Port Everglades (Florida), etc. In the Brooklyn Navy Yard over 150 firms do business. Many U.S. workers there repackage goods for shipment to foreign markets. In other cases companies use an FTZ to delay customs duties on goods that are not yet ready for market. For example, a wine company in the New Orleans FTZ is aging its wine for future distribution.

• Выпишите предложения, в которых глаголы используются в страдательном залоге, и переведите их на русский язык.

• Ответьте на вопросы письменно:

1. What are Free (foreign) Trade Zones?

2. Do the businessman pay any duty when they ship goods into a FTZ?

3. What are the terms on which these goods can then be shipped from a FTZ and sold to other countries?

4. When is the duty on goods shipped from the FTZ imposed?

5. What is the major advantage of FTZs?

6. How many FTZs are there in the USA?

7. How much business are they doing?

8. How many jobs are they creating?

9. What are the most well known FTZs in the USA?

10. What do the American Workers do in the Brooklyn Navy Yard?

11. What is the wine company in the New Orleans FTZ doing?

• Выберите наиболее правильный вариант предложения приведенного ниже предложения.

1. The advantage of a FTZ is that: a) the government profits by higher taxes imposed on goods produced there, b) goods can be imported from it into the country duty-free, c) it provides jobs for local workers.

2. Foreign goods can be imported into a FTZ: a) only under a special permission from the government’s Department of Trade, b) duty-free, c) with small duty.