- •Textbook Series
- •Contents
- •1 Air Information Publications
- •Introduction
- •Format of an AIP
- •Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
- •Aerodrome Communication Facilities
- •Aerodrome Radio Navigation and Landing Aids
- •Other Sources
- •Search and Rescue
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •2 Fuel Policy and Fuel Monitoring
- •Universal Application of Fuel Policy
- •Realistic Trip Fuel
- •Reserve Fuel
- •Calculation of Contingency Fuel
- •Fuel Monitoring
- •Special Cases 1 – Decision Point Procedure
- •Special Cases 2 – Isolated Aerodrome Procedure
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •3 Nautical Air Miles
- •Nautical Air Miles
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •4 Single-engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP)
- •Introduction
- •Single-engine Piston Aeroplane
- •Cruise Power Settings Tables
- •Range Profile Figure
- •Endurance
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •5 Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)
- •Introduction
- •MEP 1-Fuel, Time and Distance to Climb Data
- •MEP 1-Range at Standard Temperatures
- •MEP 1-Cruise Power Setting and Fuel Flow
- •MEP 1-True Airspeed
- •MEP 1-Endurance
- •MEP 1-Descent Fuel, Time and Distance
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Introduction
- •Aeroplane Data and Constants
- •Optimum Cruise Altitude
- •Short Distance Cruise Altitude
- •Answers to Simplified Flight Planning
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •En Route Climb
- •Cruise/Integrated Range Tables
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Descent Table
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Answers to Integrated Flight Planning
- •8 MRJT Additional Procedures
- •ETOPS – CAP 697 MRJT1
- •Non-normal Operations
- •Fuel Tankering
- •Answers
- •9 Topographical Chart
- •Introduction
- •World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
- •Aeronautical Information
- •Topographical Information
- •Miscellaneous
- •Establishment of Minimum Flight Altitudes
- •The Minimum Grid Area Altitudes (Grid MORA)
- •Choosing Cruising Levels
- •Altimeter Errors and Corrections
- •Exercise 1
- •VFR Exercise 2
- •Answers
- •Exercise 1 Answers
- •VFR Exercise 2 Answers
- •10 Airways
- •Introduction
- •Air Traffic Services (ATS) Routes/Standard Routes
- •Area, Low and High Level Charts
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Answers to Examples/Exercises
- •Answers Exercise 1
- •Answer Airways Exercise 2
- •Projection
- •Track Direction/Magnetic Variation/Distance
- •Grid Navigation
- •Exercise 1
- •Answers to Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Answers
- •AT(H/L) 1 & 2 Information
- •Exercise 3
- •12 ATC Flight Plan
- •Introduction
- •Definitions
- •Annexes to This Chapter
- •Specimen CA48
- •Item 19: Supplementary Information
- •Item 15
- •Use of DCT (Direct)
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Answers
- •Annex 2
- •13 Point of Equal Time (PET)
- •Introduction
- •Derivation of Formula
- •The Effect of Wind on the Position of the PET:
- •Single Sector All-engine PET
- •Engine Failure PET
- •14 Point of Safe Return (PSR)
- •Introduction
- •Derivation of the Formula
- •Transposing the Formula to the Navigation Computer
- •The Effect of Wind on the Location of the PSR
- •Single Leg PSR
- •Derivation of the Formula for Variable Fuel Flows
- •15 Revision Questions
- •Revision Questions
- •Answers to Revision Questions
- •Specimen Examination Paper
- •Answers to Specimen Examination Paper
- •Explanations to Specimen Examination Paper
- •16 Index
Questions 7
Exercise 2
Complete the Integrated Flight Plan from the following data:
The aircraft’s estimated cruise weight is 60 000 kg; the ramp weight is 61 500 kg. It is tasked to fly a route where the overall magnetic variation is 15°W. The trip is to be flown at the lowest ICAO IFR optimum pressure altitude for M 0.78. Details are provided in the attached Flight Plan and all the airfields are less than 100 ft above mean sea level. The forecast QNH at the destination, E, is 1029 hPa.
Fuel: |
|
Route: |
Allow 5% contingency A to E. |
Descent: |
Straight in descent with gear down with turbulence forecast. |
Diversion: |
Use Alternate Planning CAP 697 MJRT1 Figure 4.3.6. |
|
estimated landing weight 47 000 kg. |
Taxi/APU: |
Allow 20 min APU and 20 min Taxi. |
Air Conditioning: |
1% extra to cruise fuel to destination. |
Engine and wing anti-ice: |
180 kg/h for cruise A to E. |
Holding at E: |
Compute 45 min holding fuel, straight and level, at an altitude |
|
of 2000 ft overhead E. (CAP 697 Figure 4.4) |
Assume an initial weight of |
50 000 kg. |
When complete, answer the following:
a.During the descent into E the pilot selected the flaps down 4 minutes before the ILS outer marker. What extra fuel was burnt?
b.How much of the contingency fuel was used if the engine anti-ice was selected during the descent?
c.If the anti-ice, air conditioning and half the taxi/APU fuel have been burnt, what is the estimated landing weight at E?
d.If a LRC flight is planned to operate in the ECON mode what adjustments to fuel and time are needed if the Cost Index is 30?
Questions 7
103
7 Answers
Answers 7
Answers to Integrated Flight Planning
Example 1 |
19 min |
|
1550 kg |
|
104 NAM/NGM |
|
374 kt TAS |
Example 2 |
19.5 min |
|
1475 kg |
|
109.5 NAM / 101 NGM |
|
379 kt TAS |
Example 4 See flight plan over |
|
Example 5 |
21 min |
|
285 kg |
|
103 NAM |
|
85.5 NGM |
Example 6 |
19 min |
|
270 + 50 = 320 kg |
88.5 NAM
102 NGM
Exercise 1
a.Estimated landing weight at Alternate is 44 766 kg
b.FL338
c.FL330
d.FL310
e.30 000 ft
Exercise 2
a.4 × 75 = 300 kg
b.50 kg
c.49 971 - (642 + 129 + 98) = 49 102 kg
d.Increase fuel by 1.5%; no time penalty
104
INTEGRATED FLIGHT PLAN - EXERCISE 1 Answer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SECTOR |
Temp |
|
Temp |
WIND |
Track |
|
Wind |
GS |
|
|
|
Gross |
Cruise |
Minus |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
LINE |
|
|
FL |
|
|
TAS |
NGM |
EET |
NAM |
Start |
|
FUEL |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
FROM |
TO |
(C |
|
Devn |
Dirn |
Speed |
(T |
|
Comp |
kt |
|
|
|
WT |
Value |
NAM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
A (3000') |
TOC |
- |
ß |
0 |
|
|
|
392 |
-30 |
362 |
114 |
21 |
124 |
56000 |
- |
- |
|
1 |
5 |
2 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
TOC |
B |
-49 |
370 |
+8 |
|
|
|
435 |
-50 |
385 |
136 |
21 |
154 |
54475 |
4195 |
4041 |
|
|
8 |
7 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
B |
C |
-49 |
370 |
+8 |
|
|
|
435 |
-20 |
415 |
460 |
66.5 |
482 |
53600 |
4041 |
3559 |
|
2 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
C |
D |
-49 |
370 |
+8 |
|
|
|
435 |
+10 |
445 |
390 |
52.5 |
381 |
51100 |
3559 |
3178 |
|
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
D |
TOD |
-49 |
370 |
+8 |
|
|
|
435 |
+20 |
455 |
397 |
52.5 |
379 |
49100 |
3178 |
2799 |
|
1 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
TOD |
E (MSL) |
- |
Ý |
- |
|
|
|
- |
+10 |
- |
113 |
23 |
109 |
47300 |
- |
- |
|
|
2 |
9 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1610 |
236.5 |
|
47005 |
ROUTE FUEL |
|
8 |
9 |
9 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% INC/DEC |
|
|
|
3 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
E |
ALT.(MSL) |
- |
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
0 |
- |
150 |
31 |
150 |
- |
DIVERSION FUEL |
|
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5% CONTINGENCY |
|
|
4 |
5 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
APU/TAXI |
|
|
2 |
6 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AIR CONDITION |
|
|
|
7 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ANTI-ICE |
|
|
5 |
7 |
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOLDING |
|
1 |
6 |
0 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAMP FUEL |
1 |
3 |
2 |
9 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
105
Plan Flight 1 Exercise Answer
7 Answers
Answers 7
Answers |
7 |
106
INTEGRATED FLIGHT PLAN - EXERCISE 2 Answer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SECTOR |
Temp |
|
Temp |
WIND |
Track |
|
Wind |
GS |
|
|
|
Gross |
Cruise |
Minus |
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
LINE |
|
|
|
FL |
|
|
TAS |
NGM |
EET |
NAM |
Start |
|
FUEL |
|
|||||||||
|
|
FROM |
|
TO |
(C |
|
Devn |
Dirn |
Speed |
(T |
|
Comp |
kt |
|
|
|
WT |
Value |
NAM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
A |
|
TOC |
- |
ß |
- |
200 |
35 |
245 |
367 |
- |
341 |
83 |
17 |
89 |
61500 |
- |
- |
|
1 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
TOC |
|
B |
-56 |
310 |
-9 |
220 |
50 |
245 |
449 |
- |
401 |
153 |
23 |
173 |
60100 |
4493 |
4320 |
|
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
B |
|
C |
-56 |
310 |
-9 |
230 |
60 |
270 |
449 |
- |
400 |
378 |
56.5 |
424 |
59000 |
4320 |
3896 |
|
2 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
C |
|
D |
-56 |
310 |
-9 |
240 |
65 |
280 |
449 |
- |
400 |
410 |
61.5 |
460 |
56300 |
3896 |
3436 |
|
2 |
8 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
D |
|
TOD |
-56 |
310 |
-9 |
260 |
70 |
296 |
449 |
- |
390 |
476 |
73 |
548 |
53500 |
3436 |
2888 |
|
3 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
TOD |
|
E |
- |
Ý |
- |
230 |
30 |
296 |
284 |
-14 |
270 |
86 |
19 |
90 |
50300 |
- |
- |
|
|
2 |
7 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1586 |
250 |
|
49930 |
ROUTE FUEL |
1 |
1 |
4 |
7 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
49781 |
% INC/DEC |
|
|
- |
5 |
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
E |
|
Alternate |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
310 |
- |
-60 |
- |
185 |
42 |
|
|
DIVERSION FUEL |
|
1 |
7 |
5 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5% CONTINGENCY |
|
|
5 |
7 |
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
APU/TAXI |
|
|
2 |
5 |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
AIR CONDITION |
|
|
|
9 |
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ANTI-ICE |
|
|
6 |
4 |
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HOLDING |
|
1 |
6 |
5 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RAMP FUEL |
1 |
6 |
3 |
8 |
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
Exercise Answer |
|
Answers |
|
||
Plan Flight 2 |
|
|
|
|
|