- •Grammar exercises
- •Grammar notes
- •Unit 3 jane gets her first job
- •The Past Simple Tense (простое прошедшее время)
- •The Past Continuous Tense (прошедшее продолженное время)
- •Jane gets her First job
- •Jane writes her second letter
- •The Perfect Tenses
- •I have never been to London.
- •Degrees of Comparison
- •Jane writes her Second Letter
- •Money and its History
- •Test 2 (The Verb “to be” and its functions)
- •1. Менеджеру дали важное задание.
- •2. В данный момент решается вопрос о создании совместного предприятия.
- •Unit 6 a working day at the college part I
- •Unit 7 part I jane’s coming home at christmas
- •Jane’s coming home at christmas
- •We are in business (the first steps)
- •The Results of the First Year
- •Unit 9 taxation
Jane writes her second letter
Grammar: The Perfect Tenses; Degrees of Comparison.
The Perfect Tenses
Перфектные времена образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола “have” в соответствующем времени и причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II).
Have (Has) (Present)
Had (Past) + V3
Will have (Future)
Перфектные времена выражают законченные действия и часто сопровождаются такими наречиями, как: already (уже), just (только что), never (никогда), ever (когда-либо), yet (все еще) (последнее употребляется только в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях).
Помните, что перфектное время никогда не употребляется при указании, когда именно произошло действие:
I have never been to London.
Но: He was not in London in 1994.
PATTERN
The train has just arrived. After Tom Spencer had finished university he started working as top manager.
Have you ever been to England? – No, I haven’t (have not). Kitty has worked in this bank for 5 years. |
Поезд только что прибыл. После того как Том Спенсер закончил университет, он начал работать ведущим менеджером. Были ли вы когда-нибудь в Англии? – Нет. Китти работает уже 5 лет в этом банке. |
Exercise 1. Put the verbs in brackets into Perfect Tenses.
1. They just (to finish) their work.
2. You (to pack) your suitcase yet?
3. First Jane (to do) all her new tasks and only then she went home.
4. Who (to write) this letter?
5. Betty (to live) in Glasgow for 9 years.
6. They (to build) their cottage before they moved to the country.
Exercise 2. Open the brackets and put the verbs into Past Simple or Present Perfect.
1. He (not to finish) his experiment yet.
2. She (to become) a student last year.
3. Jane and Dolores (to live) together for a semester.
4. You ever (to travel) by ship?
5. She (to get) her first salary in March.
6. The examinations (not to start) yet.
GRAMMAR TEST
Task 1. Выберите предложение в Present Perfect.
a) She had much work to do.
b) The students are having laboratory work in a computer centre.
c) After the dean had finished his welcome speech the students went to lecture rooms.
d) Who has told you about this?
Task 2. Выберите предложение, точно передающее смысл данного русского.
Джейн уже прошла интервью и получила работу.
a) Jane had the interview and got the job.
b) Jane is having the interview and will get the job.
c) Jane has had the interview and got the job.
Никто никогда не был на Марсе.
a) Nobody was on the Mars.
b) Nobody has ever been to the Mars.
c) Has anybody ever been to the Mars?
Task 3. Составьте предложение из данных слов.
1. Never, he, returned, to, has, place, that, again.
2. Have, each other, known, they, seven, for, years.
3. You, been, have, where, the whole day?
4. My, has, who, taken, book?