Test 2 (The Verb “to be” and its functions)

Task 1. Выберите предложение, соответствующее данному русскому.

1. Менеджеру дали важное задание.

a) The manager is given an important task.

b) The manager gives an important task.

c) The manager was to give an important task.

d) The manager was given an important task.

2. В данный момент решается вопрос о создании совместного предприятия.

a) The problem of establishing a joint venture is being solved.

b) The problem of establishing a joint venture has already been solved.

c) The problem of establishing a joint venture is solved.

Task 2. Выберите перевод выделенного сказуемого.

3. These goods were produced in St. Petersburg

а) произведены; b) производятся; с) были произведены.

4. A new partner was asked many questions.

a) задал; b) задавал; c) задавали.

5. The role of the advertisement is being discussed very enthusiastically. а) должна обсуждаться; b) обсуждается; с) обсуждалась.

6. On the Eve of the New Year all the popular goods have been sold. a) были распроданы; b) распродаются; с) должны распродать.

Task 3. Выберите предложения, где глагол “to be” является:

а) вспомогательным для образования страдательного залога;

в) вспомогательным для образования продолженных времен;

с) эквивалентом модального глагола “must” (должен);

d) самостоятельным глаголом.

7. Jane was to give her arguments about production process/

8. After the seminar the students were still discussing the problems of taxing

(налогообложение).

9. Much effort is directed towards economic development.

10. Economic growth is task number one in any country.

Unit 6 a working day at the college part I

Grammar: Modal Verbs and their equivalents.

Глагол, выражающий возможность или умение – can (мочь, уметь). Прошедшее время от can – could. Эквивалент глагола “can” – to be able to.

PATTERN:

I can (am able to) translate the text without a dictionary.

Я могу (умею) переводить тексты без словаря.

Глагол, выражающий разрешение или позволение – may. Прошедшее время от “may” – might. Эквивалент глагола “may” – to be allowed to.

PATTERN:

He may (is allowed to) use books from my library.

Он может пользоваться книгами из моей библиотеки

Глаголы, выражающие долженствование, – must (должен, обязан), имеет эквиваленты: to have to + V, to be to +V .

PATTERN:

She has to take the examination again. The train is to arrive at platform 2.

Она должна (вынуждена) сдавать экзамен ещё раз. Поезд должен прибыть на платформу 2.

Should – должен, следует.

PATTERN:

You should be careful when you are crossing the street.

Следует быть внимательным при переходе улицы.

Exercise 1. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. A housewife should be economical if she wants to save some money for

travelling.

2. The two friends were to meet on Trafalgar Square.

3. Jane had to change her plans for holidays because of her mother’s illness.

4. May I use your pen? – Sure, you may.

5. The students were unable to make experiments without the teacher’s help. He had to help them.

6. Next year my brother must join the Army.

Exercise 2. Use the equivalents instead of modal verbs.

1. They can solve the equations quite easily.

2. You may attend lectures any time when you come to England.

3. Last year he could train in the swimming pool several times a week.

4. She must live in a hotel because her house is very far from the university.

Exercise 3. Choose the right modal verb or its equivalent to fill in the blank.

a) had; b) was unable; c)are; d) could not; e) should; f) are allowed; g) must.

1. The students _______ to take exams and tests twice a year.

2. It was so dark that Catrine ______ see anything and she ______ to stay in the village.

3. To be a good manager one _____ know different resources of management.

4. Jane _____ to help her friend because she herself was not good at physics.

5. The students ______ work hard during the term to be a success during the examination session.

6. They _____ to use a dictionary during their work at the text.

Exercise 4. Translate the text into Russian. Explain the use of modal verbs and their equivalents.

It was a usual working day at the college. In the morning the students were to attend two lectures and after the lunch they had a seminar. They were to answer three main questions of the discussion:

1) what should the owners do to make profit?

2) how can the advertisement help to popularize the business production?

3) what measures have the business organization to take to increase productivity?

As the problems were rather interesting the students were active and were able to give answers to all the questions, expressing their own point of view of the problem.

After the seminar they were still discussing the ideas. Of course, they couldn’t come to a definite concession, but realized that they had already possessed some knowledge to develop their own ideas.

Jane based her views on her tiny own experience of work for the firm. Now she was sure that practical work was very important and could help a lot. Many students were surprised to hear how much she had learnt and how skillfully she was able to give her arguments which they couldn’t help respecting.