Упражнения на закрепление материала

1. Переведите следующие предложения:

A.

1. The Leningrad metro was being constructed when the Great Patriotic war broke up. 2. In Soviet times Tsiolkovsky's ideas were recognised and he was given state support.

3. We were told about the sad state of art in eastern regions.

4. The lightness of hydrogen is made use of in the filling of balloons.

5. Safety and protection for the people working around the atomic reactor are provided by a mass of reinforced concrete, 8 feet thick.

6. Radio sets are provided for in all sea going vessels.

7. The discovery of radium was followed by a number of important inventions.

8. The current is measured with the ammeter.

9. The expedition was given a very difficult task.

10. The balloon has been lost sight of.

11. This problem may be approached from different standpoints.

12. Spanish is spoken in South America.

13. His words were followed by a deep silence.

B.

1. The question of further development of agriculture was given much attention.

2. The trajectory of a projectile is affected to a large extent by air resistance.

3. We are taught that light is a form of energy.

4. A floating body is acted upon by two sets of forces.

5. This project must be given due consideration.

6. 65.4 parts of zinc and 2 parts of hydrogen are spoken of as chemically equivalent quantities.

7. No electric charges have ever been observed of smaller magnitude than the charges of proton or electron.

8. Nuclear reactor is provided with a concrete shielding.

9. The Conference was attended by 150 delegates.

10. The speaker was listened to attentively.

11. We were given an exceptionally warm welcome by Zulu students.

12. Have you been brought a newspaper?

13. Potatoes were brought to Europe by Columbus.

Обзорные упражнения

1. Переведите предложения, используя замену выделенных частей речи.

1. You give me food and drink and I'll tell you how to sail the ship.

2. "Possibly the most frequent criticism we get in letters from the public is about keeping lights burning all night," a senior U.N. official said this week.

3. At the age of eighteen, George earned an honest living.

4. There was universal relief at the safe return of the three U.S. astronauts from their epic voyage to the Moon.

5. Abstentions on, and even votes against, the coming anti-union Bill are certain in the Commons.

6. There were singing and storytelling and jokes and riddles around the fire as well as long conversations about business and politics.

7. She had a quick cigarette to steady her nerves.

8. The beer for lunch made him sleepy.

9. I can't afford foreign holidays.

10. He is an accomplished television performer.

11. That branch of the family had been reckless marriers.

12. Serious-faced James Howden entered the high-ceilinged, beige- carpeted Privy Council chamber.

13. Of course Washington was immediately recognizable because of his white mount and his customary blue and buff.

14. The BBC television comedy series "Yes Minister" has proved to be more than a delight. It has also been an eye-opener.

15. The shops were opening now and the fruitier on the opposite side of the street was putting up his sun-blind in anticipation of a fine day.

2. Переведите предложения, производя необходимые грамматические преобразования.

А

1. I am a good swimmer. I can say without false modesty.

2. I'm afraid his wife is a big spender.

3. I banged and banged on his bedroom door. He must be a really heavy sleeper, I thought to myself.

4. I have never been an early riser.

5. As a young man, when he had more spare time and less responsibility, he had been a great reader.

6. They were both pleased to see him, after all those years, but, as they soon remembered, he was a great talker.

7. Those had been some of the happiest times, the combination of schoolteacher and

father, explainer and entertainer.

8. He liked a drop of Scotch, as most of us do, but he wasn't a big drinker.

9. The Messengers are experienced party-givers, and everyone knows their function and how to perform it.

10. There were the frighteners, the timid and insecure, who needed constant reassurance before they could utter even one word on a BBC chat-show.

11. That isn't how James operates. He's a doer not a talker.

12. The modern MP is required increasingly to be the town's public relations booster. 13. In 1998 the two biggest spenders were two tobacco companies which increased

their lobbying activities and persuaded legislators to block the bill in the Senate.

14. Now he realized how far better a choice was Tony O'Brien, a man, not evil incarnate as he had once believed, but a genuine achiever.

15. He wasn't a very good whistler, but nobody could remember when he had last even attempted it.

16. I am a visual thinker. I think in photorealistic pictures.

Б

1. The Inspector gave a soft little laugh.

2. She took immediate fright at the mention of the police.

3. Mrs. Stoner gave him a suspicious glare.

4. She gave a nervous laugh.

5. Miss Marple gave a small prim smile.

6. She always keeps a sharp eye on what is happening in other parts of the world.

7. Valerie walked down the short front path, turned in the direction of the school, and waved a cheery farewell to her mother.

8. "Come on, Hawks, come and have a pint." "Alright, but just one. I've got an early start in the morning."

9. He showed no interest in having a beer. Instead he said his goodbyes and took off in his black BMW.

3. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.

1. Such trifles should be put up with.

2. The drowning man was thrown a rope.

3. This poor old blind man is never read to.

4. The ship was lost sight of.

5. Are we really meant to learn this by heart?

6. The room could be entered through a massive oak door.

7. This case of mental illness should be dealt with separately.

8. Edgar Рое is felt to be of insane mind in his later poems.

9. Such results are not to be wondered at.

10. His presence was taken no notice of.

11. This boy is not spoken to.

12. I don't understand why I am asked such a question.

13. John is not to be relied upon.

14. The bed was not slept in.

15. The house was not lived in.

16. The Prime Minister is expected to visit Moscow.

17. The head of the delegation is reported to have had talks with the French leaders.

18. The Congress is believed to be attended by more than 300 representatives from

different countries.

19. The links between the two cities are expected to grow in the future.

20. The new government is not expected to change any of the country's major policies.

21. A debate on denuclearization is expected to begin on Monday in the Political Committee.

22. The Conference is likely to last for a few days.

23. He is sure to come in time. 9. She is thought to live in London.

4. Выделите в тексте случаи употребления пассивной формы и дайте возможные варианты перевода.

COAL

It has been proved that all coals had their origin in the vegetable matter of prehistoric forests. The woody fiber and other vegetable matter were transformed into peat by fermentation due to bacteria. During this process, a great part of the oxygen and hydrogen was eliminated, while the amount of carbon remained practically the same. Subsequently the peaty matter was changed into coal by a process of destructive distillation, which had been caused by great pressure and high temperature. The differences in types of coal can be easily explained by different conditions during this process of evolution. Among these variable conditions by which the formation of coal had been affected the following may be mentioned: time, depth of the bed below the surface of the earth, and amount of disturbance of the bed due to movements of the earth.

Foreign matter was introduced during this movement of the earth. Coal is composed of the following principal elements: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur. However, these are not present solely in their elementary state, but also in various combinations, principally moisture and volatile matter. Consequently, coal is classified into various types according to its constituents; some of these types will be mentioned below.

Peat is an intermediate condition between wood and coal. It is often used as fuel in the Temperate Zone, where it is found in large quantities in the swampy regions. It is commonly cut into blocks and dried in the air.

Bituminous coal is the name which is usually given to coal containing more than 20 per cent volatile matter. Bituminous coal is not susceptible to spontaneous combustion, although care must be exercised in its storage. Since there is a wide range of variation in the characteristics of the bituminous coals, they have been divided commercially into the following classes: coking, cannel, and non-coking. Coking coal, upon being burned gives off considerable gas and tends to fuse together in a pasty mass (coke). Cannel coal has a high percentage of volatile hydrocarbons, ignites easily and is so valuable as a gas-producing coal that it is rarely burned to produce steam.

Non-coking coal does not coke upon being burned and is very extensively used as a fuel to produce steam.

5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод модальных глаголов.

A. Must, can, may, ought, might, to be

1. His early years are but little known to biographers. Yet, he must have started studying music at a much earlier age than is generally presupposed. (Biography)

2. You must have read about many acts of violence directed against the negro communists of South Africa. Yet there may and, indeed, there must have been others which have never reached the columns of the press.

3. The Algerians could never have committed the atrocities the bourgeois press alleges they have done. ("DW")

4. The Costa-Rica Government may have incurred heavier debts than those officially started. ("The Economist")

5. War preparations in Germany must have started earlier than was announced in the newspapers.

6. Development in India is to proceed at a faster rate than hitherto, the Indian Times announced yesterday

7. We are just to start immediately! Please none of your "Just another minute please". The steamer is leaving and we can't afford to miss it. (S. Brown)

8. The relaxation of international tension may yet prove to be a more potent factor than many continue to think.

9. What we ought to do with all our might is to put struggle and struggle again against the infiltration of American comics in Great Britain. ("DW")

B. Would

10. "Chris is a business woman," said Roy Drover and Roy would know. (S. Lewis)

11. He wondered what had become of the boys who were his companions; they were nearly thirty now; some would be dead but others were married and had children. (W.S. Таugham)

12. That would appear a guarantee of instability of the Western Hemisphere. ("The New York Times")

13. Some of your remarks about hay fever in your topics of Aug. 6 would indicate that your knowledge is based upon American experience only.

6. Найдите способы перевода препозитивных атрибутивных словосочетаний.

1. The blurred moon of a lamp glowed suddenly above Michael's head. (J.G.)

2. Her beauty in the best Parisian frocks was giving him more satisfaction than if he had collected a perfect bit of china, or a jewel of a picture; he looked forward to the moment when he would exhibit her in Park Lane. (J.G.)

3. Well, she was getting an old woman. Swithin and he had seen her crowned – slim slip of a girl, not so old as Imogen. (J.G.)

4. And the the "You be damned" spirit in her blood revolted. The impudence of it! Shadowing her! No! She was not going to leave Miss Fleur triumphant. (J.G.)

5. The fellow was sharper than he had thought, and better-looking than he had hoped. He had a "don't care" appearance that James didn't appreciate. (J.G.)

6. We exchanged horrified glances. (H.L.)

7. While they ate their silent lunch he changed the film in the French camera. (J.A.)

8. "There you have it," said Sherlock Holmes, knocking out the ashes of his after-breakfast pipe and slowly refilling it. (A.C.D.)

9. "You were sleeping when I left." "I had a good sleep. Did you walk far?" (E.H.)

10. I thought of her that first night in the Grand Monde, in her white dress, moving so exquisitely on her eighteen-year-old feet, and I thought of her a month ago, bargaining over meat at the butcher’s stores in the Boulevard de la Somme. (G.G.)

11. Even now, after more than three years have passed and elapsed, I cannot visualize that young-night street, that already so leafy street, without a gasp of panic. (V.N.)

7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на каузативные конструкции.

1. Liza is a good typist but this time she has been hurried into making mistakes.

2. The owner of the restaurant bowed us in when we arrived.

3. Don't rush me into doing things that are contrary to my convictions.

4. If the enemy completely surrounds the town, it will not be long before they starve the townspeople into surrender.

5. "We, journalists," he said, "were brainwashed into believing that the Russians were not to be trusted."

6. We said grace, drank a toast to the hostess and the host, and ate ourselves into a proper insensibility.

7. She laughed the tension out of her voice and touched his hand.

8. The townspeople know that O'Brien has once bought his way out of the electric chair, so they have every reason to question the jury's objectivity this time.

9. If the police can't force the criminals out of their hiding place by any other means, they can always starve them out.

10. Frankly speaking, Mrs. Ackroyd was a dipsomaniac. She succeeded in drinking herself into her grave four years after her marriage.

8. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на случаи передачи артикля.

1. A new team was formed to develop the project.

2. The new team was accommodated in the University Inn.

3. The few objections I have are not aimed at ruining the project.

4. I'm waiting here for a Dr. Fisher to get the papers.

5. She is a kind of person you never know what to expect.

6. The report now seems to be more solid than the one presented in the previous board meeting.

7. Following the agreement, a third of the funds cannot be spent until next July.

8. Miss Trotwood came on the Friday when David was born.

9. This is a most serious matter, and it needs to be treated with care.

10. Many women in the U.S., now in the professions, would be unable to work without illegal immigrants' domestic help.

11. The danger of forest fires is the greater the more carelessly people act when camping.

12. I'm sure they've got a motivation for completing the research be­fore the financing is stopped.

13. Under the circumstances, a courier is the only safe way to send them a message.

14. A peculiar coalition of business and consumer groups defends the system.

15. Usually, Taiwan prefers to talk of becoming a "regional operations centre".

16. However, at a conference in Taipei earlier this month, many speakers at long last applied the phrase to the island's con­nection to mainland China.

9.Переведите данные предложения, используя грамматические трансформации

1. But it was Mrs. Soames' eyes that worried Euphemia. (J.G.)

2. It was he who invented many of those striking expressions still current in fashionable circles. (J.G.)

3. It was into this room that Soames entered. (J.G.)

4. It was the sight of her eyes fixed on him, dark with a sort of fascinated fright, which pulled him together and changed that painful incoherence to anger. (J.G.)

5. He had never been a large eater. (J.G.)

6. He was a great reader, of course, having been a publisher. (J.G.)

7. The President of the University is the best money-raiser and the best after-dinner speaker in the United States. (S.L.)

8. Grandpa was a difficult sleeper, snoring loudly, tossing on the bumpy flock mattress, squeezing me flat against the wall. (S.O.C.)

9. I smoke very little and I'm an extremely moderate drinker. (I.M.)

10. Before we had washed them, they had been very, very dirty, it is true; but they were just wearable. (J.K.J.)

11. His ear was singing, and he felt rather sick, physically and mentally. (J.G.)

12. To anyone interested psychologically in Forsytes, this great saddle-ofmutton trait is of prime importance. (J.G.)

13. A decision having been come to not to speak of Irene's flight, no view was expressed by any other member of the family as to the right course to be pursued. (J.G.)

14. No one opposing this command he led the way from the room. (J.G.)

15. And then she rose and stood smiling, her head a little to one side. (J.G.)

16. He was standing in his favourite attitude, with one foot on a chair, his elbow on his knee, and his chin on his hand. (J.G.)

17. One night Winifred having gone to the theatre, he sat down with a cigar, to think. (J.G)

18. Three paragraphs were devoted to the Bryant-Walker affair, two of them being lists of names. (R.L.)

19. The Indian lay with his face toward the wall. (E.H.)

20. Nick lay back with his father's arm around him. (E.H.)

21. With the maid holding the umbrella over her, she walked along the gravel path until she was under their window. (E.H.)

22. We roamed about sweet Sonning for an hour or so, and then, it being too late to push on past Reading, we decided to go back to one of the Shiplake islands, and put up there for the night. (J.K.J.)

23. Bosinney having expressed his wish to show them the house from the copse below, Swithin came to a stop. (J.G.)

24. On one occasion, old Jolyon being present, Soames recollected a little unpleasantness. (J.G.)

25. They had no desire to spread scandal, no desire to be ill-natured. Who would have? And to outsiders no word was breathed, unwritten law keeping them silent. (J.G.)

26. They parted at St. Paul's, Soames branching off to the Station, James taking his omnibus westwards. (J.G.)

27. For what or for whom was she waiting in the silence, with the trees dropping here and there a leaf, and the thrushes strutting close on grass touched with the sparkle of the autumn time? (J.G.)

28. I remember a friend of mine buying a couple of cheeses in Liverpool. (J.K.J.)

29. He sank into silence so profound that Aunt Hester began to be afraid he had fallen into a trance. She did not try to rouse him herself, it not being her custom. (J.G.)

30. Kilimanjaro is a snow covered mountain 19,110 feet high, and is said to be the highest mountain in Africa. (E.H.)

31. Three things lay on the doormat: a postcard from Uncle Vernon's sister Madge, who was holidaying on the Isle of Wight, a brown envelope that looked like a bill and – a letter for Harry … Harry picked it up and stared at it, his heart twanging like a giant elastic band. No one, ever, in his whole life, had written to him. Who would? (J.K.R.)

32. One very fine day in the late unlucky and infamous nineteenth century, I found myself on the lake of Como, with my baby basking in the Italian sun and the Italian colour, and my mind uneasily busy on the human drawbacks to all that loveliness. (G.B.S.)

33. "A beautiful, pure, sweet, mellow English tenor," said Aunt Kate with enthusiasm. Gabriel having finished, the huge pudding was transferred to the table. (J.J.)

34. He was conscious of, but could not apprehend, their wayward and flickering existence. (J.J.)

35. Below, from among the trees, the farm-bell clanged. He saw the labourers, mowing bare-foot at the thick grass, leave off their work and go downhill, their scythes hanging over their shoulders. (D.H.L.)

36. Constantia lay like a statue, her hands by her sides, her feet just overlapping each other, the sheet up to her chin. She stared at the ceiling. (K.M.)

37. The other people seemed to treat it all as a matter of course. They were strangers, they couldn't be expected to understand that father was the very last person for such a thing to happen. (K.M.)

38. "Come, come upstairs," said Rosemary, longing to begin to be generous. "Come up to my room." And, besides, she wanted to spare this poor little thing from being stared at by the servants. (K.M.)

39. With Bruce's feeling about the film, how the deuce should I get him to take the money? Should I send him the money in Bank of England notes, with the words "From a lifelong admirer of your genius?" (J.G.)

40. It may surprise you to know I prefer to work anonymously, and that it is the problem itself which attracts me. (A.C.D.)

41. "It is only for the young lady's sake that I touch your case at all," said Holmes sternly. (A.C.D.)

42. The baronet, in spite of his years, was very vigourous and a great walker, and could often be seen stumping through the village and along the country lanes. (G.K.Ch.)

43. There was suddenly a great increase of noise from the other end of the corridor. A door had opened; words articulated themselves. (A.H.)

44. It was weeks since they had eaten a proper meal. (A.E.C.)

45. Towards the evening of the following day at a time when she was alone, a letter arrived addressed to herself. It was from a firm of solicitors in Cornhill inviting her to call upon them. (A.E.C.)

46. In the corner a girl sat machining seams. Mr. Sulky took a hot goose from the fire to the table and pressed trousers under a damp rag that soon rotted the air with the odour of steaming cloth. (A.E.C.)

47. With these troubles and a wife and four children to keep, life was not easy for him. (H.E.B.)

48. He it was whom they cheered. And he it was who bowed low and deep with grave smiles that were purposely faintly weary too, as if he were indeed some real jeune premier, very bored and successful. (H.E.B.)

49. It happened that, one evening, as he stood listening to her sing the song …, something seemed to melt in his breast. (H.E.B.)

50. How still it was in the apartment with the wife and children away! (Sh. A.)

ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ КОНТРОЛЬНОГО ПЕРЕВОДА

Переведите тексты, обращая внимание на замену частей речи при переводе.