Предлоги

For и during for + период времени (for two hours, for a week, for ages)     •    We watched television for two hours last night.     •    Are you going away for the weekend? during + существительное (during the film, during our holiday, during the night)     •    I fell asleep during the film.     •    We met some really nice people during our holiday. in или during со словами the morning / the afternoon / the summer:     •    It must have rained in the night.  (или during the night)     •    I'll phone you sometime during the afternoon.  (или in the afternoon) Сравните during и while:

During + существительное I fell asleep during the film.

While + подлежащее + сказуемое I fell asleep while I was watching TV.

Упражнение 5. Вставьте for или during. 1.    It rained    for    three days without stopping. 2.    I fell asleep    during   the film. 3.    I went to the theatre last night. I met Sue … the interval. 4.    Martin hasn't lived in Britain all his life. He lived in Brazil … four years. 5.    I felt really ill last week. I could hardly eat anything … three days. 6.    I waited for you … half an hour and decided that you weren't coming. 7.    Sarah was very angry with me. She didn't speak to me … a week. 8.   Jack started a new job a few weeks ago. Before that he was out of work … six months. 9.  I need a change. I think I'll go away … a few days. 10.  The president gave a long speech. She spoke … two hours. Упражнение 6. Вставьте during или while.

1.    We met a lot of interesting people    while    we were on holiday. 2.    We met a lot of interesting people    during    our holiday. 3.    I met Mike … I was shopping. 4.    … our stay in Paris, we visited a lot of museums and galleries. 5.    The phone rang three times … we were having dinner. 6.    The phone rang three times … the night. 7.    What did they say about me … I was out of the room? 8.  Please don't interrupt me … I'm speaking. 9.  There were many interruptions … the president's speech. 10.  Can you lay the table … I get the dinner ready? Упражнение 7. Закончите предложения.

1    I fell asleep while    I was watching television. 2    I fell asleep during    the film. 3    Can you wait here while … 4    Most of the students looked bored during … 5    I was asked a lot of questions during … 6    The lights suddenly went out while … 7    It started to rain during … 8   It started to rain while …

Сравните at, on и in:    •    They arrived at 5 o'clock. (со временем дня)    •    They arrived on Friday. (с днями недели и датами)    •    They arrived in October. / They arrived in 1968. (с месяцами, временами года, годами и т.д.) Запомните следующие выражения с at:

at night, at the weekend / at weekends, at Christmas, at the moment / at present at the same time

Не употребляются at/on/in перед last/next/this/every:    •    I'll see you next Friday. 

   •    They got married last March. Запомните in a few minutes / in six months:    •    The train will be leaving in a few minutes. (через несколько минут)    •    Andy has gone away. He'll be back in a week.  (через неделю)

Упражнение 8. Закончите предложения, использую at, on или in со следующими выражениями: the evening, the moment, Saturdays, about 20 minutes, 21 July 1969, the Middle Ages, 1492, the 1920s, the same time, night

1    Columbus made his first voyage from Europe to America    in 1492.    2    If the sky is clear, you can see the stars ... 3    After working hard during the day, I like to relax ... 4    Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon ... 5    It's difficult to listen if everyone is speaking ... 6    Jazz became popular in the United States ... 7    I'm just going out to the shop. I'll be back ... 8    (on the phone)  'Can I speak to Dan?'  -  'I'm afraid he's not here ... 9    Many of Europe's great cathedrals were built ... 10  Liz works from Monday to Friday. Sometimes she also works ...

Упражнение 9. Вставьте at, on или in.

1.    Mozart was born in Salzburg    in     1756. 2.    I haven't seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her … Tuesday. 3.    The price of electricity is going up … October. 4.    … weekends, we often go for long walks in the country. 5.    I've been invited to a wedding … 14 February. 6.    Jenny's brother is an engineer, but he doesn't have a job … the moment. 7.  I don't like driving … night. 8.  The telephone and the doorbell rang … he same time. 9.  It was a short book and easy to read. I read it … a day. 10.  We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived … 5  o'clock … the morning.

By (+ время) = не позднее, чем:    •    I sent the letter to them today, so they should receive it by Monday.    •    We'd better hurry. We have to be home by 5 o'clock.  Сравните until и by:

что-л. продолжается до какого-то момента в будущем: •    David will be away until Monday. •    I'll be working until 11.30.				что-л. случится к какому-то моменту в будущем: •    David will be back by Monday. •    I'll have finished my work by 11.30.

Упражнение 10. Вставьте by или until.

1.    Steve has gone away. He'll be away    until     Monday. 2.    Sorry, but I must go. I have to be home … 5 o'clock. 3.    I think I'll wait … Thursday before making a decision. 4.    It’s too late to go shopping. The shops are open only … 5.30. 5.    Don't pay the bill today. Wait … tomorrow. 6.    A: Have you finished redecorating your house?       B: Not yet. We hope to finish … the end of the week. 7.   I've got a lot of work to do. … the time I finish, it will be time to go to bed. 8.  If you want to take part in the competition, you have to apply … 3 April.

Для обозначения направления движения употребляется предлог to:

go to China return to London

go to bed come to my house

be taken to hospital be sent to prison

   •    When are your friends going back to Italy? 

   •    Welcome to our country!  Так же с существительными a journey to / a trip to / a visit to / on my way to:    •    Did you enjoy your trip to Paris / your visit to the zoo? Сравните to (для направления движения) и in/at (для месторасположения):    •    They are going to France.    но   They live in France.    •    Can you come to the party?   но    I'll see you at the party.

Запомните been to – быть в каком-л. месте:    •    I've been to Italy four times, but I've never been to Rome.    •    Amanda has never been to a football match in her life.

Сравните get to и arrive in/at:    •    What time did they get to London / to work / to the party? arrive in с названием города или страны:    •    They arrived in London / in Spain a week ago. arrive at с названиями зданий и т.п.:    •    When did they arrive at the hotel / at the airport / at the party?

Запомните home без предлога:

go home / come home / get home / arrive home / on the way home Запомните go into, get into ... etc. = enter (a room / a building / a car etc.):    •    I opened the door, went into the room and sat down.    •    A bird flew into the kitchen through the window. Антоним к into - out of:    •    She got out of the car and went into a shop. Запомните get on/off a bus / a train / a plane    •    She got on the bus and I never saw her again.

Упражнение 11. Вставьте to/at/in/into, где необходимо. 1.    Three people were taken    to    hospital after the accident. 2.    I met Kate on my way    -     home.  3.    I have to go … the bank today to change some money. 4.    The river Rhine flows … the North Sea. 5.    Have you ever been … China? 6.   We got stuck in a traffic jam on our way … the airport. 7.  We had lunch … the airport while we were waiting for our plane. 8.   Welcome … the hotel. We hope you enjoy your stay here. 9.   Did you enjoy your visit … the zoo? 10.   I'm tired. As soon as I get … home, I'm going … bed. 11.  Carl was born … Chicago, but his family moved … New York when he was three. He still lives … New York.