2. Способы регулирования торговли. Экономические санкции. Торговая война сша и ес (причины, возможности выхода из кризиса).

The exchange of goods and services between different countries is referred to as international trade.

Depending on what а country prоduces or needs, It саn either export (send goods to another country) оr import (bring in goods from another country).

Measures of trade regulation

The Protectionist measures raise the price of imported goods so that domestically produced goods will gаin а price advantage, so they protect domestically produced goods)

Protectionist measures control international trade. The most common of them are tarrifs and quotas. Tariff(duties) – tax charged on imported goods.

Quota –is the maximum quantity of а product that mау bе admitted to а country during а certain period of time.

Trade wars between EU and US

- US believes the EU trade policy unfairly favors banana crops from ex-colonies (Carribbean, Africa) over those owned by firms like Dole

- US threatened $500 million “cross-sanctions” against unrelated European exports from almost 20 product categories

- producers of cashmere clothing lowed on work (threat of US trade sanctions)

- unemployment increased in Scotland (Hawick) where more than half of Europe’s cashemere goods produced

Possible solutions:

- negotiations (WTO)

- compromise

Билет 3,

1. Понятие международного права: субъекты, сферы применения, роль в современном мире.

Interna­tional law

Initially – law that governs relations between states.

• Contemporary definition: law that deals "with the conduct of states and of international organizations and with their relations inter se, as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether natu­ral or juridical."

• IL’s applied by int. tribunals as well as by domestic courts

• It’s not relevant only in judicial proceeding. It governs relations between states, dip. relations, looks after negotiations and policymaking.

• Sources: IL traces its roots far into antiquity(exchange of diplomatic emissaries, the conclusion of peace treaties)

• rules derived from Roman law or Canon law - drew on principles of natural law.

2. Современные технологии подбора персонала. Методы тестирования. Приоритетные качества при приеме на работу. Техника подготовки к собеседованию. Типичные ошибки на собеседовании.

When a company needs to recruit or employ new people, it may decide to advertise the job or position in the appointments section of a newspaper.

Interested people can apply for the job by sending in a letter of application (covering letter) and a curriculum vitae (CV).

Curriculum vitae – key information about individual’s educational background, previous work experience, skills and personal qualities.

CV:

- personal/contact information

- academic background

- foreign language abilities

- clear to read, present an attractive image

- not too long

- chronological or functional order

- interesting features highlighted

Covering letter may be attached to create a good impression (so that the recruiter will want to read CV):

* briefly: where you heard about the job and why you fit it

* confirm your wish to apply

* information you learned about the job

* formal tone of the text

* no mistakes

* concise and precise

* why you are interested in the position

* possible contribution to the job (highlight relevant skills)

* indicate willingness to attend interview

Recruitment:

- company may also ask candidates to complete application form

- HR department selects most suitable applications and prepares short list of candidates

- invites applicants to attend an interview

Alternative: services of a recruitment agency (US search firm) – provides company with a list of suitable candidates;

may act as a consultant or organize testing and simulations to evaluate the candidates' skills.

A number of companies are not satisfied with traditional job interviews. When the candidate could gain the post only with a good prepared answers and representative look. Now employers want to evaluate candidates on intangible qualities:

- creativeness or entrepreneurial spirit

- leading or coaching skills

- flexibility and capability of learning

- functioning under the pressure

- fitting to corporate culture

They are requiring applicants to submit to a series of:

- paper-and-pencil tests (general intelligence)

- role-playing exercises

- simulated decision-making exercises

- brainteasers

Others put candidates through a series of interviews by psychologist or trained interviewers.

Possible questions:

“Who is the best manager you ever worked for and why?”

“What is your best friend like?” – can understand your behavior pattern and managerial style

The mistake can cost for the company a huge sum of money (lead to corporate downsizing)

Aims of comprehensive testing – to measure skills in:

- communication

- analysis and organization

- attention to detail

- personality traits and motivations

This can predict applicant’s performance.

Билет 4.