11.Качество работы. Повышение производительности труда в коллективе

The basic idea of QWL is that worker should have an interesting, even challenging job. QWL encourages managers to be sensitive to the needs of employees.

Followers of Quality of Working Life movement (QWL) worked out various methods of making work more interesting. These include job enlargement and job enrichment and team building.

With job enlargement, the worker is given additional tasks to perform. Job enrichment in its turn involves giving extra responsibilities to workers such as production planning, quality control and technical development of equipment.

Human factor influence efficiency as well. It was found that there is an increase in productivity whether conditions of work place are good and otherwise. Workers attitude to work is also matters. Social relations among workers and between workers and their bosses affect output, the quality of work and motivation.

To improve work relationship, achieve goals and create excellent communications organization should:

1. Try to break down the barriers between the management and employees, by reducing the social divisions between them within the company.

2. Managers should also design work places in such a way that people frequently come into contact with each other.

3. Finally, managers should encourage staff to ask questions and to react to what managers are saying. Feedback is essential.

12.Научный подход к управлению организацией The school of scientific management was found by Frederic Taylor, an American engineer in the beginning of the twentieth century at the time of the industrial revolution. In order to find ways how to improve the productivity in the factories in which Taylor was working he conducted many experiments and wrote the book based on the experience. It was published in 1947 and entitled “ scientific management”. It was the beginning of the approach of the scientific management. The school was called scientific as the way of doing job was no longer determined by quesswork, and rule of thumb practice.

The new approach included the following

1. Each operation should be studied and analysed

2. Using this information, managers can work out the time and methods

3. Then the work was organized in a logical way and each worker should only do the job in the prescribed manner.

4. Men with the right physical skills were selected and trained for the job.

The management task was to observe, analyse, measure, organize and choose the right person for the work.

His approach produced results, the productivity increased rapidly, which meant great savings for the companies.

Despite obvious success the new approach was critisised. The weakness of this system is that its focused on the work not on the worker who began to be a tool in the hands of the manager, Moreover, the worker was given the same repetitive job. Simple work was the reason the frustration and dissatisfaction.

Despite the fact that his ideas are still of practical importance, its proved that the worker would be more productive being engaged not only in production but also in decision making. Controlling and organizing.