9)Laboratory work: processes studied, the equipment used. The importance of the laboratory work.

Лабораторная работа: исследуемых процессов, используемого оборудования. Значение лабораторных работ.

The word “laboratory” is used to denote any room or building devoted to experimental investigations in science for the purpose of advancing man’s knowledge for special application of natural laws.

The first scientific laboratory of the Russian Academy of Science was founded in 1748. In this laboratory M. V. Lomonosov began to manufacture glass.

A modern research lab is an essential part of any scientific or educational establishment for performing experiments and collecting information.

Modern labs must have large facilities for research. They have modern equipment, installations, instruments and devices. Modern methods of investigations are widely used in laboratory. Such instruments as computers, correlators, stimulators, thermometers, manometers, barometers and so on.

Each faculty has at its disposal quite a number of rather well equipped labs to help the students in their studies and give them an idea of their future work.

In every lab there are no more than 8-10 sets of devices so the students are divided into several groups to carry on the experiments and research. Before starting a lab work students are given home assignments to calculate and they check them in the laboratory. Lab work is done under the supervision of their teachers.

The work in the lab is an essential part of the program for training future engineers.

There are many laboratories at our institute, some of them are located at the department of physics. There are the laboratory of mechanics and molecular physics, the laboratory of electricity and magnetism, the laboratory of optics and the laboratory of physics of solid state.

The laboratory of mechanics and molecular physics

Properties of gases, liquids and solids, such as density, molar mass, viscosity, heat conductivity are studied here.

The laboratory of electricity and magnetism

In the laboratory of electricity and magnetism students study electric devices and circuits and magnetic properties of substances. In their work they use various modern instruments and devices such as lasers, digital ammeters and voltmeters and computes.

The laboratory of optics

Optical phenomena such as diffraction, interference and others are studied in this laboratory. Students also get some idea of holography. There are various instruments in this laboratory, e.g. spectroscopes, an optical microscope, lasers and others.

The laboratory of physics of solid state

In this laboratory students study the properties of semiconductors, processes of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and the substance, physical properties of solid bodies. .

10) In the classical approach, the object is meant by innovation implementation in practice of scientific discoveries and inventions in a technology or a new product regardless of the mechanism of transmission (transfer). The main features are the result of the presence information of scientific activity and novelty of the product (technology) that are based on the use of discovery or invention. Go through the different diving exhibitions, in which students participate. Students are taught an extensive list of items, from management of the finishing materials science. After graduation, professionals can work in different areas.The main subjects studied:higher mathematics, systems analysis and decision-making, computer science, psychology, sociology, economics, economic management of the organization, management of innovation, marketing innovation, imageology, benchmarking, economics and financial support for innovation; metrology, standardization and certification in the innovation field, engineering principles of innovation, industrial technology and innovation, technology innovation, infrastructure innovations, management of intellectual property; Conflict, personnel management, legal support for innovation, management innovation projects, quality management, logistics, strategic management in innovative organizations.Positions held:within the specialty is preparing system specialists to find new solutions and business development, which allows graduates to work in government, enterprises and organizations of any form of ownership, as managers of innovation projects, business analysts, creative directors, to hold other leadership positionsField of activity:controls the creation and marketing of new products and services, strategy development, planning and implementation of technological development organizations, market research for industrial property, management of innovative projects, creating and using computer models of business processes and systems for automated management of the enterprise, the organization of new forms of production.

11) Field of professional bachelor and master includes:• organizations and enterprises of the sphere of innovation;• academic and research organizations;• Institutions of higher vocational and special education;• bodies of state authority and administration of federal, regional and municipal levels;• infrastructure innovation;• innovative entrepreneurship.The objects of professional bachelors are:• corporate, regional and inter-regional, sectoral, cross-industry, federal and international innovative projects and programs;• innovative projects to create competitive production of goods and services;• Innovative projects of business process reengineering;• projects and processes of forecasting and innovation development adaptatsiiproizvodstvenno and economic systems of innovation;• projects and processes of development and use of new products and new services, new technologies, new resources, new forms and methods of production organization and management, new markets and their possible combinations;• commercialization of innovation projects.The objects of professional master's degrees are:• programs and projects of innovative development areas, enterprises and organizations;• theory of innovation development;• innovative training technology and training for innovative areas of work;• innovative projects in the field of high technologies.