Unitl

Definition of Management

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8

Definition of Management

Management is based on scientific theories and today we can say that it is a developing science.

But knowledge of theories and principles doesn't provide prac­tical results. It is necessary to know how to apply this knowledge. Practical application of knowledge in the management area re­quires certain abilities or skills. Here is an example:

Depending on its size, an organization may employ a number of specialized managers who are responsible for particular areas of management. A very large organization may employ many man­agers, each responsible for activities of one management area. In contrast, the owner of a sole proprietorship may be the only man­ager in the organization. He or she is responsible for all levels and areas of management.

What is important to an organization is not the number of man­agers it employs but the ability of these managers to achieve the organization's goals, and this ability requires a great skill.

In other words, management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to achieve the primary orga­nizational goals.

Main resources

Managers are concerned with the following main resources:

1. Material resources are physical materials and the equip­ment used by an organization to make a product. For example, cars are made on assembly lines. These assembly lines and the buildings that house them are material resources.

2. The most important resources of any organization are its human resources — people. Some firms believe that their em­ployees are their most important assets. To keep employees con­tent, a variety of incentives are used, including higher-than-aver-age pay, flexible working hours, recreational facilities, lengthy paid vacations, cafeterias offering inexpensive meals, etc.

3. Financial resources are the funds the organization uses to meet its obligations to various creditors. A grocery store obtains money from customers and uses a portion of that money to pay the wholesalers from which it buys food. A large bank, borrows and lends money. A college obtains money in the form of tuition, income from its endowments, and federal grants. It uses the mon­ey to pay utility bills, insurance premiums, and professors' sala­ries. Each of these transactions involves financial resources.

4. Finally, many organizations increasingly find they cannot ig­nore information. External environment — including the econo­my, consumer markets, technology, politics, and cultural forces — are all changing so rapidly that an organization that does not adapt will probably not survive. And, to adapt to change, the organiza­tion must know what is changing and how it is changing. Compa­nies are finding it increasingly important to gather information about their competitors in today's business environment.

It is important to realize that these are only general categories of resources. Within each category are hundreds or thousands of more specific resources, from which management must choose those that can best accomplish its goals. Managers must coordi­nate this complex group of specific resources to produce goods and services.

Vocabulary

definition	[defi'ni/эп]	определение
management	['maenidymant]	управление, руковод­ство, менеджмент
be based on	[l>i:rjeizd]	основываться (на)
base	[beis]	основывать
scientific	[saian'tifik]	научный
theory	['Giari]	теория
develop	[di'velap]	развивать(ся)
science	['saians]	наука
knowledge	[nolidy]	знание
provide	[pra'vaid]	обеспечивать, давать
result	[ri'ZAlt]	результат
apply	[a'plai]	применять
application	[aplilceijn]	применение
area	['earia]	область
require	[rilcwaia]	требовать
certain	['s:tan]	определенный
ability	[эЪШи]	способность
skill		мастерство, pi.—навыки
here is	[liiariz]	вот
example	[ig'za:mpl]	пример
depending (on)	[di'pendin]	в зависимости (от)
size	[saiz]	величина, размер
employ	[im'pbi]	нанимать
a number (of)	[э'плтЬэ]	ряд, множество
particular	[pa'tikjula]	особый, специфический, конкретный

responsible	[ris'pansabl]	ответственный
owner	['ouna]	владелец
sole	[soul]	единоличный
proprietorship	[pre'praiatajip] собственность
the only	[5i'ounli]	единственный
level	[leval]	уровень
achieve	[e'lfcv]	достигать
goal	[goul]	(конечная) цель
resource	[ri'so:s]	ресурс
primary	['praimari]	основной, оптимальный
be concerned (with)	[...kan'sa:nd]	зд. заниматься (иметь дело с чем-либо)
financial	[fai riasnjl]	финансовый
human	[rijuman]	человеческий, людской
physical	[Tmkal]	физический
equipment	[iTcwipmant]	оборудование•
product	['prodakt]	продукт, продукция
assembly line	[a'sembLilain]	конвейер
house	[haus]	зд. размещать, вмещать
employee	[emploi'i:]	работник, служащий
assets	[as'sets]	активы
content	[kan'tent]	довольный, удовлетворенный
variety (of)	[va raiati]	ряд, множество
incentive	[in'sentiv]	стимул, побудительный мотив, мотивация
average	['aevaridy]	средний
Pay	[pei]	зд. зарплата
flexible	['fleksibl]	гибкий
recreation	[recri'eijan]	отдых

recreational		[...fa'silitiz]		места отдыха и
facilities				развлечений
lengthy		[lenGi]		длительный
paid vacation		['peid'vakejn]		оплачиваемый отпуск
offer		['afaj		предлагать
inexpensive		[iniks'pensiv] *		недорогой
meal		[mi:l]		еда
etc. = et cetera		[it'setra]		ИТ. д.
fund		[fyuid]		фонд, зд. денежные средства
meet obligations		[ rni:tabli'geijnz]		выполнять обязательства
various		['vearias]		различный
grocery store		['grousari'sto:]		продовольственный магазин
obtain		[ab'tein]		получать
money		['тлш]		деньги
customer		['kAstama]		покупатель (постоянный), клиент
portion		[pa:Jn]		часть
wholesaler		[lioulseila]		оптовик
buy		[bai]		покупать
borrow		[Ъэгои]		занимать
lend				ссужать; давать взаймы
obtain		[ab'tein]		получать
tuition		[tjulfan]		плата за обучение
income		['inkam]		доход
endowment		[in'daumant]		пожертвование, благотворительный взнос
grant		[gra:nt]		субсидия; безвозвратная ссуда
utility	[ju'tiliti]		предприятие коммунального обслуживания
bill			счет
insurance	[in 'Juarans 'pri:mjam]		страховая премия
premium
salary	['saelari]		заработная плата
transaction	[traen'zaekjan]		(финансовая) операция
involve	[in'volv]		зд. быть связанным (с)
finally	[Tainali]		инаконец
increasingly	[inTcriisingli]		все более
ignore	[ig'na:]		игнорировать
external	[eks'ta:nl]		внешний
environment	[in'vaiarnment]		(окружающая) среда
consumer	[kan'sju:ma rnaikit]		потребительский
market			рынок
rapid	[ raepid]		быстрый
adapt	[a'dapt]		приспособиться)
survive	[sa:'vaiv]		выживать
competitor	[kam'petita]		конкурент
generate	['dyenareit]		зд. возникать, появляться
within	[wi'5in]		внутри
important	[im'pa:tant]		важный
realize	[ria'laiz]		осознать
specific	[spi'sifik]		конкретный
choose	[tlu:z]		выбирать
accomplish	[aTcompliJ]		осуществить
complex	['kampleks]		сложный
goods	[gudz]		товар,товары
service	['sa:vis]		услуга

Exersises