2. Areas of management

An organizational structure can also be divided more or less horizontally into areas of management. The most common areas are finance, operations, marketing, human resources, and admin­istration. Depending on its purpose and mission, an organization may include other areas as well — research and development, for example, or risk management.

										Other
Finance		Operations		Marketing		Human resources		Adminis­tration		(for example, Research and Development)

A financial manager is primarily responsible for the organiza­tion's financial resources. Accounting and investment are special­ized areas within financial management. Because financing af­fects the operation of the entire firm, many of the presidents of the largest companies are people who got their "basic training" as fi­nancial managers.

An operations manager creates and manages the systems that convert resources into goods and services. Traditionally, op­erations management is equated with the production of goods. However, in recent years many of the techniques and procedures of operations management have been applied to the production of services and to a variety of nonbusiness activities. Like financial management, operations management has produced a good per­centage of today's company presidents.

A marketing manager is responsible for the exchange of products between the organization and its customers or clients. Specific areas within marketing are marketing research, advertis­ing, promotion, sales, and distribution.

A human resources manager is in charge of the organiza­tion's human resources programs. He or she engages in human resources planning, design systems for hiring, training, and ap­praising the performance of employees, and ensures that the or­ganization follows government regulations concerning employ­ment practices.

An administrative manager (also called a general manag­er) is not associated with any specific functional area but provides overall administrative leadership. A hospital administrator is a good example of an administrative manager. He or she does not specialize in operations, finance, marketing, or human resources management but instead coordinates the activities of specialized managers in all these areas.

Vocabulary

1. Levels of Management

represent		[repri'zent]		представлять
story		['stori]		этаж
structure		['strAktb]		конструкция
pyramid		['piramid]		пирамида
top manager		[top'maenadya]		высший менеджер
				(руководитель )
middle manager		['midl'maenadya]		менеджер среднего звена
first-line manager		[Ta:st'lain...]		менеджер первого (низшего) звена
basic		[rjeisik]		основной
executive		['ig'zekjutiv]		исполнитель
guide		[gaid]		зд. руководить,
				управлять
overall activities		['ouvaro:l ak'tivitiz]		зд. общая, вся деятельность
constitute		[kan'stitjut]		составлять
develop		[di'velap]		разрабатывать
determine		[di'ta:min]		определять
mission		['rnifan]		задача (цель), миссия
it takes ...				зд. на это уходят ...
hard work		^a:d'wa:k]		упорная работа
as well as				а также
talent		['taelant]		талант
good luck		['gudlAk]		удача
rank		[rank]		зд. положение, ранг
title		[taitl]		зд. положение, должность
associate	[a'soujieit]		связывать, иметь
			отношение (к)
vice president	['vais'prezidant]		вице-президент
chief executive	[...ig'zaekjutiv		главный
officer (CEO)	'afisa]		иотолнительный
			директор
member	[ inemba]		член
Board	[bo:d]		совет директоров,
			правление
implement	['implimant]		осуществлять,
			реализовать
major policy	[ rneidya'palisi]		основная политика
hand down	f^asnd'daun]		зд. разрабатывать,
			исходить (из), спускать
operating	[...prasi:dya]		порядок работы,
procedure			производственный
			процесс
supervise	[sjupa'vaiz]		зд. руководить,
			осуществлять контроль
activities	[aek'tivitiz]		деятельность
division	[di'viyn...]		руководитель
manager			подразделения
department head	[di'pa:tmэntЪed]		начальник отдела
plant manager	['pla:nt'maenadya]		директор завода
productions			зд. производственная
procedure			деятельность
operations			директор производства,
manager			уггравляюший
			производством
operating	[...emploi'i:]		работник-исполнитель
employee			(неуправленческого
			звена)
solve	[salv]		решать
former	[Ъ:тэ]		бьюший, прежний

owing (to)	['ouirjtu]	благодаря, вследствие
promote	[pra'mout]	продвигать по службе
career	[кэ ria]	карьера
office manager	['ofis'maenadya]	руководитель отдела
		(офиса), офис-менеджер
supervisor	['sju:pavaiz3]	зд. инспектор,
		начальник
foreman	[To: man]	мастер, бригадир
project manager	['prajakt...]	руководитель проекта
qualified	[Tcwalifaid]	квалифицированный
person	['pa:san]	лицо (человек)
labour	[leiba]	труд
service	['sa:vis]	услуга
salary	['saelari]	заработная плата в
		виде оклада (обычно
		ежемесячная)
wage	[weidy]	заработная плата
		(почасовая, сдельная)
2. Areas of Management
divide	[di'vaid]	делить
common	[Teaman]	общий, зд. обычный,
		традиционный
depending (on)	[di'pendirj]	в зависимости (от)
purpose	['pa:pas]	цель
mission	['mifan]	задача
include	[inTdud]	включать
as well		также, тоже
research	[ri'sa:tj]	исследование
primarily	[prai'marali]	прежде всего
responsible	[res'ponsibl]	ответственный
accounting	[aTcauntirj]	бухгалтерский учет

Unit 2-