- •Е.Н.Бобровская, е.Ю.Вовк, е.Г.Эсаулова
- •Contents Page
- •Grammar in Use 117
- •Verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the English Verbs)
- •In phrases, with one or more accompanying words.
- •The Infinitive
- •2. Introduction
- •3. Forms
- •Bare Infinitive
- •Functions
- •Functions of the infinitive
- •6. Infinitive Constructions
- •6.1. The Objective with the Infinitive Construction
- •6.2. The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •Grammar practice
- •5. A) Use the infinitive in the non-perfect form of the active or passive voice.
- •6. Use either of the infinitives in brackets, give two variants where possible and explain the difference.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the dialogue; find all the bare infinitives and explain their use. Act out the dialogue in class.
- •I’d Rather Pack Now
- •2. Your friend is going away on holiday. Now, she (he) is packing her (his) suitcase. You are trying to help by giving advice.
- •3. Make up dialogues using the given phrases:
- •Read the text; find all the infinitives and state their functions. Retell the passage.
- •Read the story. State the functions of the infinitives. Retell the story using as many infinitives as possible.
- •Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •9. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •Read the dialogue. Find all the Objective-with-the Infinitive Constructions in it and explain their use. Learn the dialogue and act it out in class. Do the tasks below.
- •Read the story “Shark-eating people” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the story “Sea Saga” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive construction where possible:
- •Read the extract about the Bermuda Triangle. Retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the text. Do the tasks below. A Road Accident
- •Read the following article about Christopher Columbus and list the information about him in your notebook under the two headings below, use the Subjective Infinitive Constructions.
- •Complete the sentences with the For-to-Infinitive Constructions and act out the dialogues.
- •In the Station Buffet
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Nursery rhymes and poems.
- •Idealists
- •4. Familiar Quotations
- •5. Funny Stories
- •The Science of Speaking
- •6. Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •The Gerund
- •7. Introduction
- •8. Forms of the Gerund
- •9. Functions of the Gerund
- •Functions of the gerund
- •10. Gerundial Predicative Constructions
- •11. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun
- •12. The Infinitive and the Gerund
- •Predicative
- •The main thing
- •Part of a predicative
- •Prepositional Object
- •Grammar practice
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the story below and find all the gerunds. State their functions.
- •2. Read the following articles and answer the questions below. Nurses can help people give up smoking
- •Cigarettes kill 7 times more than roads major effort urged to stop child smokers
- •Let’s talk
- •1. What’s the problem in Trudy’s family? How common is it?
- •2. Sum up the advice given by the readers. Which of the advice may help, do you think? Which advice would you follow if you had the same problem? What advice would you offer Trudy?
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes
- •5. Poems
- •6. Funny Stories No Use Trying
- •Friendly Advice
- •It Speaks for Itself
- •Tiger Hunting
- •A High Price
- •The Participle
- •14. Introduction
- •15. Forms of the Participle
- •An escaped prisoner
- •16. Functions of the participle
- •16.1. Attribute
- •16.2. Adverbial Modifier
- •16.3. Predicative
- •17. Misrelated Participles
- •18. Predicative Constructions with the Participle
- •18.1. The Objective Participial Construction
- •18.2. The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The subjective construction with
- •18.3. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.4. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.5. Absolute Constructions without a Participle
- •19. The Gerund and the Participle
- •Grammar in use
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Alcohol and you
- •Did you know?
- •Alcohol myths
- •2. A) Read the following news story and answer questions about it.
- •Women in aids frontline Main cause of death for women aged 20-40
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes and Poems
- •5. Funny Stories
- •General revision
- •1. Find all the verbals in the following text, state their functions. Going on a Trip
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •5. Use a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive, or a construction instead of the verbs given in brackets; underline them, name the non-finite form used and state its function.
- •6. Put in the correct forms. Tell the story to the class.
- •List of Grammar Books
- •398020 Г.Липецк, ул.Ленина, 42
4. Nursery Rhymes
* * *
The man in the moon
Came down too soon
And asked his way to Norwich;
He went by the South
And burnt his mouth
With supping cold plum porridge.
* * *
Will you lend me your mare to ride a mile?
No, she is lame leaping over a stile.
Alack! And I must go to the fair,
I’ll give you good money for lending your mare.
Oh, oh! Say you so?
Money will make the mare go.
5. Poems
What If…
Daddy, what if the sun stopped shining,
What would happen then?
If the sun stopped shining,
You’d be so surprised,
You’d stare at the heaven
With wide-open eyes,
And the wind would carry
Your light to the skies,
And the sun would start shining again!
But, Daddy, what if the wind stopped blowing,
What would happen then?
If the wind stopped blowing,
Then the land would be dry,
And your boat wouldn’t sail,
And your kite wouldn’t fly,
The grass would see your trouble,
And she’ll tell the wind,
And the wind would start blowing again!
But, Daddy, what if the grass stopped growing,
What would happen then?
Well, if the grass stopped growing,
You’d probably cry,
And the ground would be worried
By the tears from your eyes,
And, like your love for me,
The grass would grow so high,
The grass would start growing again!
But, Daddy, what if I stopped loving you,
What would happen then?
If you stopped loving me,
Then the grass would stop growing,
Then the sun would stop shining,
And the wind would stop blowing.
So you see, if you want to keep
This old world go on,
You’d better start loving me again!
Unknown
Enlarge upon the statement:
If children stopped loving their parents, and parents stopped loving their children, the world would stop going on.
6. Funny Stories No Use Trying
Uncle James: Well, Bobby, have you gained any prize at school?
Bobby: No, the other fellows have got them all.
Uncle James: But you’ll keep on trying, my boy, won’t you?
Bobby: What’s the use of trying when the other fellows keep on doing the same?
Friendly Advice
Grandfather: Excuse my interfering, Nancy, but something must be done with that son of yours. Such a foolish and ill-mannered young man!
Mother: Don’t be so strict, father. Boys will be boys. But certainly something must be done. I insist on his going abroad to see the world.
Grandfather: In your place I wouldn’t do it. I’d be afraid of the world seeing him.
It Speaks for Itself
An art critic is shown two pictures in a private picture gallery. One is an old master, the other is a modern creation. The art critic takes a long look at the former and without uttering a single word turns to the latter. He at once starts praising it.
“Why did you pass the other picture without saying a word?” somebody asks him. “It speaks for itself,” the art critic answers, “while the other certainly needs boosting.”
Tiger Hunting
A man who had traveled in Bengal was asked if he liked tiger hunting. “Well!” said the man. “I certainly enjoyed hunting tigers, but I must confess I hated being hunted by tigers myself.”