- •Е.Н.Бобровская, е.Ю.Вовк, е.Г.Эсаулова
- •Contents Page
- •Grammar in Use 117
- •Verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the English Verbs)
- •In phrases, with one or more accompanying words.
- •The Infinitive
- •2. Introduction
- •3. Forms
- •Bare Infinitive
- •Functions
- •Functions of the infinitive
- •6. Infinitive Constructions
- •6.1. The Objective with the Infinitive Construction
- •6.2. The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •Grammar practice
- •5. A) Use the infinitive in the non-perfect form of the active or passive voice.
- •6. Use either of the infinitives in brackets, give two variants where possible and explain the difference.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the dialogue; find all the bare infinitives and explain their use. Act out the dialogue in class.
- •I’d Rather Pack Now
- •2. Your friend is going away on holiday. Now, she (he) is packing her (his) suitcase. You are trying to help by giving advice.
- •3. Make up dialogues using the given phrases:
- •Read the text; find all the infinitives and state their functions. Retell the passage.
- •Read the story. State the functions of the infinitives. Retell the story using as many infinitives as possible.
- •Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •9. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •Read the dialogue. Find all the Objective-with-the Infinitive Constructions in it and explain their use. Learn the dialogue and act it out in class. Do the tasks below.
- •Read the story “Shark-eating people” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the story “Sea Saga” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive construction where possible:
- •Read the extract about the Bermuda Triangle. Retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the text. Do the tasks below. A Road Accident
- •Read the following article about Christopher Columbus and list the information about him in your notebook under the two headings below, use the Subjective Infinitive Constructions.
- •Complete the sentences with the For-to-Infinitive Constructions and act out the dialogues.
- •In the Station Buffet
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Nursery rhymes and poems.
- •Idealists
- •4. Familiar Quotations
- •5. Funny Stories
- •The Science of Speaking
- •6. Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •The Gerund
- •7. Introduction
- •8. Forms of the Gerund
- •9. Functions of the Gerund
- •Functions of the gerund
- •10. Gerundial Predicative Constructions
- •11. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun
- •12. The Infinitive and the Gerund
- •Predicative
- •The main thing
- •Part of a predicative
- •Prepositional Object
- •Grammar practice
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the story below and find all the gerunds. State their functions.
- •2. Read the following articles and answer the questions below. Nurses can help people give up smoking
- •Cigarettes kill 7 times more than roads major effort urged to stop child smokers
- •Let’s talk
- •1. What’s the problem in Trudy’s family? How common is it?
- •2. Sum up the advice given by the readers. Which of the advice may help, do you think? Which advice would you follow if you had the same problem? What advice would you offer Trudy?
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes
- •5. Poems
- •6. Funny Stories No Use Trying
- •Friendly Advice
- •It Speaks for Itself
- •Tiger Hunting
- •A High Price
- •The Participle
- •14. Introduction
- •15. Forms of the Participle
- •An escaped prisoner
- •16. Functions of the participle
- •16.1. Attribute
- •16.2. Adverbial Modifier
- •16.3. Predicative
- •17. Misrelated Participles
- •18. Predicative Constructions with the Participle
- •18.1. The Objective Participial Construction
- •18.2. The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The subjective construction with
- •18.3. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.4. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.5. Absolute Constructions without a Participle
- •19. The Gerund and the Participle
- •Grammar in use
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Alcohol and you
- •Did you know?
- •Alcohol myths
- •2. A) Read the following news story and answer questions about it.
- •Women in aids frontline Main cause of death for women aged 20-40
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes and Poems
- •5. Funny Stories
- •General revision
- •1. Find all the verbals in the following text, state their functions. Going on a Trip
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •5. Use a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive, or a construction instead of the verbs given in brackets; underline them, name the non-finite form used and state its function.
- •6. Put in the correct forms. Tell the story to the class.
- •List of Grammar Books
- •398020 Г.Липецк, ул.Ленина, 42
2. Familiar Quotations
Joys divided are increased.
J.G. Holland (1819-1881)
My motto is: contented with little, yet wishing for more.
Charles Lamb (1775-1834)
There are two ways of meeting difficulties: you alter the difficulties, or you alter yourself meeting them.
Anonymous
There is not a passion so strongly rooted in the human heart than envy.
Richard Sheridan (1751-1816)
All wish to possess knowledge, but few, comparatively speaking, are willing to pay the price.
Juvenal (60-127)
3. Limericks
There was an Old Person of Chili,
Whose conduct was painful and silly;
He sat on the stairs
Eating apples and pears,
That imprudent Old Person of Chili.
There was a young lady whose chin
Resembled the point of a pin;
So she had it made sharp,
And purchased a harp,
And played several tunes with her chin.
There was an Old Person of Nepal,
From his horse had a terrible fall;
But though split quite in two,
With some very strong glue
They mended that Old Man of Nepal.
There was an Old Person of Peru,
Who watched his wife making a stew;
But once by mistake,
In a stove she did bake
That unfortunate Man of Peru.
There was an Old Lady whose folly
Induced her to sit in a holly;
Whereupon, by a thorn
Her dress being torn,
She quickly became melancholy.
There was an Old Person of Dundee,
Who frequented the top of a tree;
When disturbed by the crows,
He abruptly arose,
And exclaimed, “I’ll return to Dundee.”
There was an old man, who when little
Fell casually into a kettle;
But growing too stout,
He could never get out.
So he passed all his life in that kettle.
4. Nursery Rhymes and Poems
Cobbler, cobbler, mend my shoe,
Get it done by half past two.
Half past two it can’t be done.
Get it done by half past one.
Little Miss Muffet
Sat on a tuffet,
Eating her curds and whey;
There came a big spider,
Who sat down beside her
And frightened Miss Muffet away.
Little Miss Tucket
Sat on a bucket,
Eating some peaches and cream;
There came a grasshopper
And tried hard to stop her;
But she said: “Go away, or I’ll scream”.
Yankee Doodle came to town,
Riding on a pony.
He stuck a feather in his cap
And called it macaroni.
Winter Morning
By Ogden Nash
Winter is the king of showmen,
Turning tree stumps into snowmen
And houses into birthday cakes
And spreading sugar over lakes.
Smooth and clean and frosty white,
The world looks good enough to bite.
That’s the season to be young,
Catching snowflakes on your tongue.
Snow is so snowy when it’s snowing,
I’m sorry it’s slushy when it’s going.
The Joy of Reading
O for a book and a shady nook,
Either in-doors or out;
With the green leaves whispering overhead,
Or the street cries all about.
Where I may read all at my ease,
Both of the new and old;
For a jolly good book whereon to look,
Is better to me than gold.
Anonymous.
The Brook
Grumbling, stumbling,
Fumbling all the day;
Fluttering, stuttering,
Muttering away;
Rustling, hustling,
Bustling as it flows;
That is how the brook talks,
Bubbling as it goes.
Alfred Tennyson