Предложение (the sentence)*
*Предложение – сочетание слов, выражающее законченную мысль.
Рис. 5. Классификация предложений
3.1.Порядок слов в утвердительном коммуникативном предложении
Тип простого предложения |
Основные члены предложения |
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Подлежащее N / Pr / Ger etc. |
Сказуемое V/ etc. |
Дополнение N / Pr / Ger etc. |
Обстоятельство Adv / N etc. |
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Повествовательное предложение |
e.g. They |
live |
with parents |
in London. |
|
Они живут с родителями в Лондоне. |
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N.B! Наречия often часто / always всегда / never никогда в редложении стоят после подлежащего, sometimes – перед подлежащим: e.g. The British often rest on the English Islands. Sometimes she comes there too. Британцы часто отдыхают на Английских островах. Иногда она тоже ездит туда. |
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Отрицательное предложение |
e.g. New Year |
is not |
so popular |
in Britain. |
|
Новый год не так популярен в Британии. |
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e.g. Dick |
саnnot read |
this Welsh book |
now. |
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Дик не сможет прочесть эту книгу на валлийском языке сейчас. |
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e.g. The people |
do not discuss |
personal affairs |
in the UK. |
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В Соединенном Королевстве не обсуждают личные дела. |
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e.g. People never |
lie |
|
in Britain. |
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(Люди) B Британии никогда не лгут. |
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Побудительное (повелительное) предложение
|
Утвердительная форма |
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|
e.g. Bring |
me English tea, please, |
now! |
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Принесите мне английского чаю, пожалуйста, сейчас! |
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Отрицательная форма |
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|
e.g.Do not give |
me the map of Wales |
now! |
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|
Не давайте мне карту Уэльса сейчас! |
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Восклицательное предложение |
Не имеет определенного порядка слов: e.g. What a house Mr. Gray has! Какой дом у мистера Грея! e.g. How Martin sings! Как поёт Мартин! |
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3.2. Порядок слов в вопросительном коммуникативном предложении
Рис. 6. Образование вопросов с глаголами to be / to have / модальными глаголами
Р ис. 7. Образование вопросов со знаменательными глаголами
Упражнение 10. Выделите предложения с правильным порядком слов:
Learns / the English language / with pleasure / she.
a) She learns the English language with pleasure.
b) She learns with pleasure the English language.
c) The English language with pleasure she learns.
In the evening / he / «The Times»* / reads.
a) He reads «The Times» in the evening.
b) In the evening he «The Times» reads.
c) «The Times» he reads in the evening.
Like / do / they/ the English culture?
a) Do they like the English culture?
b) They like the English culture do?
c) The English culture do they like?
Andrew / plant /can / in the garden / flowers.
a) Andrew can plant in the garden flowers.
b) Andrew can plant flowers in the garden.
c) Can plant Andrew flowers in the garden.
The English / their traditions / respect.
a) The English respect their traditions.
b) Respect the English their traditions.
c) Their traditions respect the English.
Celebrate / when / the British / do / Mothers’ Day* / do?
a) When the British celebrate do Mothers’ Day?
b) When do the British celebrate Mothers’ Day?
c) When the British do Mothers’ Day celebrate?
You / speak / English / do?
a) English do you speak?
b) Do speak you English?
c) Do you speak English?
I / may / guide / to London / you?
a) May I guide to London you?
b) I may guide to London you?
c) May I guide you to London?
Nora / to Trafalgar Square* / on week-ends / often / goes.
a) Nora goes to Trafalgar Square on week-ends often.
b) Nora often goes to Trafalgar Square on week-ends.
c) Nora on week-ends often goes to Trafalgar Square.
Are / we / students / extramural?
a) We are students extramural?
b) We are extramural students?
c) Are we extramural students?
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* См.: Раздел V Иллюстрированный глоссарий «Социокультурной портрет Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии»
У
пражнение
11. Выберите
из бланка ответов предложения с правильным
порядком слов:
–
1
You /
can
/ in it / me / about / tell / the role of Julius Caesar / and / the
history of Great Britain? 2
I
/ write an essay / about this / must.
– 3 Pleasure / with! 4 Me / give / just now / the Guide to the History / of England!
– Here / are / you!
– 5 Look at / let’s / the map / of the country! 6 Were/the men of Celtic race* / inhabitants / the Earliest / Great Britain / of.
– 7 Had/cultural and political ties with/the Celts / with the Celtic tribes of France?
– Without any doubt. The Celts migrated from European Continent. Later they were called the Britons.
– 9 What / an interesting / information!
– Julius Caesar was the first one to land in Britain with an army. He did it twice, in 55 and 54 BC. 10 The Roman occupation lasted for nearly four hundred years, it / didn’t?
– Right you are! Britain didn’t become the part of the Roman Empire until nearly a hundred years later. During this period Britain changed greatly.
– What can you say?
– The Romans built roads, walls, cities, baths. Can you write a report about the history of England now?
– Thanks. You are very helpful.
____________________________________________________________________
*См.: Раздел V Иллюстрированный глоссарий «Социокультурной портрет Соединенного Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии»
J ulius Caesar Юлий Цезарь
Men of Celtic race кельты
Roman occupation оккупация Римом
Roman impire римская империя
An inhabitant житель
Cultural and political ties культурные и политические связи
The Britons бритты
Roman Empire Римская империя
Before Christ (BC) до Рождества Христовa / до нашей эры
а ) Can you in it me about tell the role of Julius Caesar and the history of Great Britain?
b) Can you in me about the role of Julius Caesar and the history of Great Britain in it tell?
Can you tell me about the history of Great Britain and the role of Julius
Caesar in it?
a) I write an essay about this must.
b) Must I write an essay about this?
c) I must write an essay about this.
a) Pleasure with. b) With pleasure! c) Pleasure with?
a) The Guide to the History of England just now give me!
b) Give me the Guide to the History of England just now!
c) The Guide to the History of England me give just now!
a) Here are you. b) Here you are! c) Are you here!
а) Let’s look at the map of the country!
b) Let’s look of the country at the map!
c) At let’s look the map of the country!
а) The men were of Celtic race inhabitants of the earliest Great Britain.
b) The earliest inhabitants of Great Britain were the men of Celtic race.
c) The earliest inhabitants of Great Britain the men of Celtic race were.
а) Had cultural and political ties the Celts with the Celtic tribes of France?
b) Had the Celts cultural and political ties with the Celtic tribes of France?
c) The Celts had cultural and political ties with the Celtic tribes of France?
а) What information an interesting!
b) Interesting information what!
c) What an interesting information!
a) The Roman occupation lasted for nearly four hundred years, it didn’t?
b) The Roman occupation lasted for nearly four hundred years, didn’t it?
c) The Roman occupation lasted for nearly four hundred years, did it ?