- •Міністерство освіти і науки України Донбаський державний технічний університет Кафедра теорії і практики перекладу германських і романських мов
- •In the subject: "Translation Analysis of Technical Texts"
- •The rules recommended for segmentation of the text.
- •Kinds of transformation in translation
- •Practical assignment.
- •1. Marks & Spencer
- •Devonshire Splits
- •In the subject “Translating Analysis of Technical Texts”
- •1. Language units and levels of their faithful translation
- •2. Ways of Conveying the Meanings of Polysemantic Language Units
- •3. The contectual environment
- •In the subject: “Translating Analysis of Technical texts”
- •Practical analysys of the lexicological aspects of translation
- •Methods and ways of translating various proper names
- •2. Conveying the names of companies, corporations, firms
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Translation of idiomatic and stable expressions
- •2. By choosing absolute/complete equivalents
- •3.Translation of idioms by choosing near equivalents
- •4. Translation by choosing genuine idiomatic analogies
- •5. Translating idioms by choosing approximate analogies
- •Descriptive Translating of Idiomatic and Set Expressions
- •Transformation of some idioms in the process of translating
- •In the subject: "Translation Analysis of Technical Texts"
- •Realization of contextual meanings of the definite article
- •Realization of contextual meanings of the indefinite article
- •Suggested topics for self-testing and class discussion
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Approaches to translating asyndetic substantival clusters
- •Translation of two-componental asyndetic substantival clusters
- •Translation of three-componental asyndetic substantival clusters
- •Translation of four-componental asynpetic substantival clusters
- •Translation of five-, six- and seven-componental asyndetic substantival clusters
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Ways of rendering the lexico-grammatical meanings and functions of the english infinitive
- •Ways of translating infinitival complexes
- •Ways of translating the objective with the infinitive constructions/predicative complexes
- •Ways of rendering the meaning of the Subjective with the infinitive constructions
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Ways of translating the participles and participial constructions
- •Ways of translating participial constructions
- •Ways of Translating the Objective with the Participle Constructions/Complexes
- •В. Ways of Translating the Subjective with the Participle Constructions
- •C. Ways of translating the Nominative Absolute Participial Constructions
- •In the subject: “Translation analysis of Technical Texts”
- •Ways of Translating the Gerund and Gerundial Constructions
- •Ways of translating gerundial complexes/constructions
Descriptive Translating of Idiomatic and Set Expressions
The meaning of a considerable number of idiomatic as well as stable/set expressions can be rendered through explication only, i.e., in a descriptive way. Depending on the complexity of meaning contained in the source-language idiom, it can be expressed in the target language in some ways:
1) by a single word: out of a clear blue of the sky раптом, зненацька; to pall and peel (to peel and pall) грабувати/оббирати; poor fish йолоп, бевзь, нікчема; red blood мужність, відвага, хоробрість; to sell smoke піддурювати, підманювати; to set a limit to smth. обмежувати, стримувати; to set at large звільнювати (випустити на волю); to go aloft померти;
2) undoubtedly the most frequent is rendering the sense of idiomatic/phraseological expressions with the help of free combinations of words as in: to run amock нападати зненацька на першу-ліпшу людину; school miss школярка, соромлива, недосвідчена дівчина; to sell someone short недооцінювати когось; to sham Abraham удавати з себе хворого (прикидатися хворим); to shoot Niagara вдаватися до ризикованих дій, short odds майже рівні шанси; to sit above the salt сидіти на почесному місці; the sixty-four dollar question найважливіше, вирішальне питання; a stitch in time своєчасний захід/вчинок, своєчасна дія; to go to rack (wrack) ruin загинути; зовсім розоритися; to go west/West пропасти, зникнути, зійти зі сцени (переносно);
3) when the lexical meaning of an original idiomatic expression is condensed or when it is based on a nationally specific notion/ structural form alien to the target languages, the idiomatic expression may be conveyed by a sentence or a longer explanation: a wet blanket людина або обставина, що розхолоджує; well day (well-day) день, коли у хворого не погіршувався стан здоров'я (час між приступами гарячки, малярії тощо); wise behind млявий, що погано міркує; white elephant подарунок, якого важко позбутися (те, що приносить більше турбот, ніж користі); yes man (yes-man) людина, що з усіма згоджується, тільки підтакує (підтакувач); to cut off with a shilling залишити без спадщини; fight like Kilkenny cats битися до взаємного знищення; to accept (the Stewardship) of the Chiltern Hundreds (Parliament) скласти з себе обов'язки члена британського парламенту.
It must be added in conclusion that some English idiomatic/ set expressions have a rather.transparent lexical meaning and are easy for our students to translate into Ukrainian: to treat one like a lord щедро частувати (як лорда) когось, цяцькатися з кимось; with all one's steam/with all speed щодуху, дуже швидко; with a founded air ображено, з виглядом ображеного; with flags flying/with flying colours тріумфально, переможно; with a good reason не без підстав, не даремно; to be half way between something посередені (бути на середині між чимсь), іти назустріч комусь/чомусь; not born yesterday досвідчений (у житті).
Depending on the speech style of the passage/work, in which the idiomatic/phraseological expressions are used, and taking into account the nature of them (literary, colloquial, historical) some modifications of the above-given methods of translations and even new variants of translation may be suggested by the translator. Nevertheless, the aim of translation will always remain the same, viz. to fully render in the target language the lexical meaning and where possible also the structural peculiarities, the picturesqueness, the expressiveness, and the connotative meaning (if any) of the source language idiomatic or stable expressions in the target language. How it may be achieved can be seen on the examples of rendering the meaning of some national idioms.