Тема «Meals in Ukraine»

1. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.

2. Підготуйтесь до детального переказу тексту.

Meals in Ukraine

The hospitality of the Ukrainian people is well-known throughout the world. The usual meals in Ukraine are breakfast, lunch, dinner and supper.

Breakfast is the first meal in the day. Lunch is a light meal usually in the middle of the day.

Dinner is the chief and the most substantial meal. It isn’t served at a definite hour in our country. When, it is in the middle of the day, the lighter evening meal is called supper.

Working people usually have a break for dinner at their place of employment. During the break they have either dinner or lunch.

In great many Ukrainian homes dinner is followed by a cup of tea with a slice of lemon, jam or home-made pastry.

If you have a special dinner, a housewarming party for example, you should know how to lay the table on such an occasion.

First you spread the table-cloth and put out table-mats to protect the table from the hot dishes: a tureen of soup, a bowl of hot vegetables, a platter of meat, a boat of sauce, etc. Then you take out of the drawer in the sideboard soup spoons for the soup, spoons for the sweet and all the cutlery-knives and forks, including a small knife for the butter, a small knife and fork for the hors d’oeuvres and a fruit knife for the dessert.

You should put the knives and the soup spoon on the right-hand side and the fork on the left, except the spoon for the sweet which you should put a cross the top. The you put out the bread-board and a knife to cut the bread.

On the left of each guest you put a small plate for bread and on the right a wine-glass. Don’t forget to put out the table napkins for each guest and place several salt-cellars. Don’t forget to put a bowl of beautiful flowers on the dinner table.

I had thought over the menu of that dinner-party. I began with hors d’oeuvres followed by a clear soup with meat pasties, the second course included chicken with rice and vegetables, salad and so on.

Then ice-cream for the sweet and fruit for dessert. And, of course, there was a nice cake with the candles lighted.

Active Words and Word Combinations:

hospitality - гостинність

substantial - важливий суттєвий

employment – роботя, заняття, служба

home-made pastry – домашня випічка, кондитерські вироби

occasion - випадок, подія

to spread - розстилати

to protect – захищати, відгороджувати

a tureen – супник, супниця

a platter - дерев’яна тарілка

sauce — coyc, приправа, овочевий гарнір

cutlery – ножеві вироби

hors d’oeuvre - закуска

for dessert – десерт, солодке блюдо

a clear soup — 6yльйон

a pasty, a pie - пиріг

Викладач ______________І.С. Коковіхіна

Тема «Time»

1. Прочитайте та перекладіть текст.

2. Підготуйтесь до детального переказу тексту.

TIME

There are twenty-four hours in a day. There are 60 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour. There are seven days in a week. The seven days of the week are named in honour of the sun, the moon and five of the planets.

Sunday is the sun’s day.

Monday is the moon’s day.

Tuesday is Mars’ day.

Wednesday is Mercury’s day.

Thusday is Jupiter’s day.

Friday is Venus’ day.

Saturday is Saturn’s day.

The planets were named after Roman gods and goddesses. The beginning of the day is dawn or daybreak, then comes morning, noon (12 o’clok), afternoon, evening and night. We cannot change the length of the day. The day is made for us by turning of the earth on its axis.

The sun rises in the east in the morning and sets in the west in the evening. When the sun shines it is light. When the sun sets it is dark, except for the light of the moon and the stars.

We can tell the time by means of watches and clocks.The first timepiece anyone made was a sundial. A sundial tells the time by shadows. The oldest sundial was made in Egypt about 3,500 years ago. It was common practice to divide the time between sunrise and sunset into 12 equal parts or hours.

The water clock was invented as long ago as the sundial. Water clocks could tell the time of day or night. But they often went wrong.

The sand-glass is another timepiece that was invented long ago.

Before true clocks were invented, fire was also used to measure the time.

The first true clock were made nearly 1.000 years ago. The first watches were made about 500 years ago.

We know that the time is not the same all over the world. For this reason the world has been divided into time zones. All the places in each zone have the same time. It is called standard time.

Active Words and Word Combinations:

the sun - сонце

the moon - місяць

the earth - земля

dawn or daybreak – світанок, ранкова зоря

timepiece – хронометр, годинник

a sundial – сонячний годинник

sunrise –схід сонця

sunset - захід сонця

Викладач ______________І.С. Коковіхіна