- •Perfect Continuous Tenses (Active)
- •Make up word-combinations; mind the prepositions:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •The commons
- •I. Mind your grammar when you speak
- •II. Conversational formulas
- •III. Polylogue
- •IV. Problem solving
- •1. Election Day
- •2. American History Series:
- •3. Us Supreme Court to Rule on Voter Rights
- •Vocabulary
- •Sequence of Tenses
- •Необходимые изменения в структуре предложения при переводе прямой речи в косвенную
- •Exercises
- •7. Make up word-combinations; mind the prepositions:
- •8. Answer the following questions:
- •I. Mind your grammar when you speak
- •II. Conversational formulas
- •III. Dialogue
- •IV. Problem solving
- •Article 114
- •A) the President;
- •1. Electoral College
- •2. Presidential Terms in Office
- •3. How the Job Description for us President Has Gotten Longer Over Time
- •Vocabulary
- •Subjunctive Mood
- •Synthetic Forms
- •Analytical Forms
- •The Subjunctive Mood in Simple Sentences
- •The Subjunctive Mood in Complex Sentences
- •7. Make up word-combinations; mind the prepositions:
- •8. Answer the following questions:
- •I. Mind your grammar when you speak
- •II. Conversational formulas
- •III. Polylogue
- •IV. Problem solving
- •Accurate optimistic
- •1. Us Court System
- •2. Americans Wait to See Next Face of the Supreme Court
- •3. Nomination of Chief Justice Heads to Committee Vote
- •Vocabulary
- •The Forms of the Infinitive
- •The Forms of the Gerund
- •The Forms of Participle I
- •Make up word-combinations; mind the prepositions:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •6. Retell the text.
- •I. Mind your grammar when you speak
- •II. Conversational formulas
- •III. Polylogue
- •IV. Discussion
- •1. When Gunfighters Ruled the Streets1 of the Wild West
- •2. Thurgood Marshall, 1908-1993:
- •3. Barbara Jordan, 1936-1996: a Powerful Voice for Justice and Social Change
- •Vocabulary
III. Polylogue
1. Read the polylogue:
Members of the Students’ Club are hosting a very interesting personality, a fourth year student of our Academy, Yuri Shuvalov. The fact that he was invited to the meeting of the Students’ Club as a guest was a surprise for many students.
Victor: Dear friends, let me introduce Yuri Shuvalov, a student of our Academy …
Vera: Why, Victor, sorry for interrupting you but almost all of us know Yura! We study together.
Victor: Wait a minute, Vera; it will be a surprise to all of you. Yuri Shuvalov is the First Prize winner of the International Competition of Young Composers which was held in Vienna.
Students: What a surprise! Congratulations! We’re glad to hear it!
Yuri: Thank you, friends.
Lena: Yuri, for what musical compositions have you got the First Prize?
Yuri: I wrote a concerto for the symphonic orchestra and a ballade.
Dennis: So, Yuri, you’ll be a lawyer and a composer? That’s an unusual combination.
Yuri: But actually it’s not so unusual. In fact, if you do a bit of research, you will find judges who are composers are pretty commonplace.
Misha: Did you study to be a composer?
Yuri: I’ll correct you. Use Present Simple instead of the Past. I continue my studies in our Conservatoire. You see, my parents always wanted me to be a lawyer, because they regarded music as a hobby not a career. But to tell you the truth, while studying in our academy I began to take great interest in law. So, I haven’t yet decided whether I shall be a lawyer or a musician.
Tanya: Friends, didn’t you know that the great Russian composer Tchaikovsky not only studied law but actually graduated from the School of Jurisprudence in St. Petersburg in 1859. He worked in the Ministry of Justice as a lawyer for four years until he resigned to devote himself to music.
Yuri: There are a lot of similar examples: Georg Frederic Handel1 a great German composer and Igor Stravinsky. Stravinsky was the most famous Russian composer of the 20th century. I believe you read about the triumph of his ballets "The Rite of Spring”2 and “Petrushka” in Paris in 1913. From the age of 17 the young man studied law at the St. Petersburg University under heavy parental pressure.
Marina: Lawyers who are composers or composers who are lawyers are not a surprise for me. Friends, do you remember the romantic fairytale of our childhood “The Nutcracker”3? This fairytale and many others were written by Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffman.
Vera: Yes, he was a talented writer!
Marina: And a composer. He was a composer who wrote symphonies, chamber works4 and operas, one of which, “Undine”, achieved considerable success.
Vera: You want to say that Hoffmann was a writer, a composer and …
Yuri: … a highly respected judge. He began his law studies in 1792 at the University of Kongsberg, graduated in 1795 and went into the judiciary. In 1800 he became a superior court judge.
Victor: What a curious piece of information!
Tanya: It really is. And I’m sure you know the name of the famous Romantic Russian poet Apukhtin.
Victor: Do you mean he was a lawyer too?
Tanya: Yes.
Victor: Oh, a romantic lawyer! That’s a remarkable fact! English and American lawyers are also romantics. I’m sure you know such a representative of romanticism in English literature as Walter Scott. He began his legal career as his father’s apprentice. And Washington Irving, the first classic of American romanticism in literature, worked as a clerk in a law office. Later he was admitted to the Bar.
Misha: And I can add to this list Robert Louis Stevenson, whose novels impressed us in our childhood. He was a lawyer by education too.
Yuri: So law and music, law and literature seemingly remote from each other, can actually be combined very successfully as concurrent careers.
Victor: Friends, I have an idea. Let’s hold a conference in our Academy devoted to the history of legal education and the contribution of lawyers to the world culture.
Students: It’s really a good idea!
Notes:
1George Frederic Handel - Георг Фредерик Гендель, великий немецкий композитор
2“The Rite of Spring” - “Весна священная”, балет Игоря Стравинского
3“The Nutcracker” - «Щелкунчик», сказка Гофмана
4chamber works - камерные произведения
2. Make a report about one or two outstanding lawyers of Russia and present it to your classmates.
3. Act out the polylogue.