brechignac_f_desmet_g_eds_equidosimetry_ecological_standardi
.pdfECOLOGICAL INSPECTION OF MILITARY OBJECTS
A. LYSENKO, I. CHECANOVA
National Research Center of Defense Technologies and Military Security of Ukraine. build 14, 2/32, Aviation Designer Antonov str. Kiev, 03186, UKRAINE
O. MOLOZHANOVA
Ministry of Health of Ukraine. L.I. Medved’s Institute of Ecohygiene and Toxicology 6, Heroiv Oborony Street, Kiev, 03022, UKRAINE
1. Abstract
The methods of military object ecological inspection are proposed and the scheme of interaction between state structures, systems and objects in general system of national ecological safety is developed. The necessity of conducting ecological inspections during solving ecological problems including the problem of radioactive security of military objects of Ukraine is emphasized.
The ecological inspection of military objects is essentially the audit of profitability, efficiency and productivity of usage of resources allocated for nature protection measures by bodies of the Ministry of Defense.
The ecological inspection is organized under the initiative of the supervisor of an object or activity and is ecological self testing or ecological self estimation in character. It is carried out irrespective of state ecological expertise and includes ecological audit. The ecological audit is conducted by specialized auditor organizations having the appropriate qualifying certificate (license). The ecological audit of military - administrative activity is directed on accomplishment of independent checks of the bookkeeping (financial) accountability, operating documentation, tax returns and ecological obligations from the point of view of their conformity to the existing ecological legislation in the field of an environmental protection and using of natural resources.
2. The process of ecological inspection
The problems and contents of ecological inspection are defined by requirements of the legislation of Ukraine:
ξ concerning the protection of natural environment at locating, constructing, commissioning, operation, modernization, renovation, preservation and using of facilities building or other objects;
ξ concerning safety accomplishing industrial, Defense and other activities at using of atomic energy.
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F. Brechignac and G. Desmet (eds.), Equidosimetry, 273–280.
© 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.
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ξ concerning the protection of the population and territories at emergency situations of natural and technogenous character at accomplishment of listed kinds of activity;
ξ concerning the introduction of the financial accounting, payment and accounting documentation, tax returns and registration of other fiscal obligations and demands of economic subjects.
In the mandatory order the ecological inspection is conducted during privatization of state firms, at ecological insurance, in case of submission by enterprises of the applications for obtaining the stamp of high ecological standard of production ("a green mark"), by granting to enterprises a financial support from ecological funds and in other cases, connected with the estimation of ecological costs [1,2].
The process of ecological inspection consists of several stages exhibited in fig. 1.
Completion of the draft of audit
Writing of the auditor report
Data analysis
Data acquisition
Scheduling of the draft of audit
Selection of problem of audit
Fig. 1. Process of ecological inspection.
Ecological inspection of military objects is the element of military object environment monitoring system that is based on a systematic approach and includes the documented periodic objective assessment of the management system of Armed Forces of Ukraine and the assessment of compliance of military activities with ecological policy and standard requirements with the purpose of natural environment protection while fulfilling the tasks assigned to Armed Forces of Ukraine.
The subject of ecological inspection of military objects is not so much ecological accountability, as well its actual industrial (nature protection) activity in all aspects, to which refer:
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1.1.Definition of the nature protection purposes and problems.
2.2.Development of the ecological program and policies.
3.Monitoring, regulation, minimization of volumes of discharges and wastes.
4.Rational usage of natural resources, raw material, materials, and final product.
5.Ensuring personnel safety, including the estimation of risk of emergencies and warning and measures to control them.
6.6.Connection with bodies of state ecological control and regulation, including licensing of natural resource usage, insurance, certification.
7.7.Ecological informing, education and training of staff.
8.Reduction of risk for the responsibility of violation of the nature protection legislation, change of payments for natural environment contamination.
For quantitative and qualitative estimation of profitability, efficiency and productivity of military-ecological activity of ecological services of the Ministry of Defense the model "Costs - outcome", presented in a fig. 2 is used.
Resource |
Ecological activity of the |
Outcome |
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Correction of activity on the basis of the information on outcomes
Estimation of profitability and efficiency on the basis of comparison of costs and achievable outcomes
Fig. 2. The model of Ministry of Defense economic activity estimation.
The method of planning of type of military activity ecological audit is presented in a fig. 3.
The method assumes the revealing of a conflict situation between the source of contamination and the ecologically protected object [4]. Ecological inspection is conducted at a level of:
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•state structures;
•transnational corporations;
•branches (structural audit - the conformity to a general ecological course of branch is assessed, problem audit - the state of the solution of a particular ecological problem of a branch is valued);
•region;
•facility (object).
The process of analysis of ecological conflict due to contaminated object
Type of protected object personnel, organisation,
unit Armed
Second class of objects being protected:
fauna, water, ground,
Global objects:
Biosphere,
Noosphere
Military ecological conflict – problem for audit
Anthropogenous effects from military activity
Ecological diversions, aggression, transboundary contamination
Natural phenomena and natural disasters
Directions of the analysis of economic conflict due to the source of ecological
Fig. 3. Method of search of military activity ecological conflict situations.
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In a course of ecological inspection of military objects the conclusion on the sanitary-hygienic characteristics of the object is confirming the compliance of military activity with the labor protection and professional safety legislation [5, 6].
The analysis of risks of emergency situations, disasters and contamination caused by them is conducted with consideration for operational requirements and consists in determination of risks at the facility, the analyses of possible emergency scenarios and the subsequences for environment and population, the analysis of provided measures and means of warning and minimization of emergency impacts and informing people and local organizations [7].
The analysis of military-activity ecological conflict situation should be carried out with consideration of the hierarchy of the objects of national safety in ecological sphere.
The classification of military objects in the system of national ecological safety is shown in fig. 4.
The ecological inspection of military objects is considered not only in terms of measures of environment (natural objects) impact protection in the course of technogenous activity (ensuring of industrial, radiation - nuclear, fire, technical and technological safety and minimization of threats from the part of the facility being checked – the "primary" source of risks for the natural environment), but also in terms of measures of protection of the population and territories in the case of emergency situations of natural and technogenous character, in particular, of negative impacts of natural objects ("secondary" source of risks the population and territories), ensuring minimization of ecological threat from their part to the vitally important interests of individuals, society and state.
The ecological audit activity in the course of the ecological inspection of military-object is necessary to be conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of ecological policy realization in military sphere. Ecological audit is designed for assisting in search for additional means of studying risks, for ensuring safety of life and for quicker introduction of advanced methods of risk prevention.
Military activity ecological inspection is completed by efficiency and productivity analysis of mechanisms of activity of a multilevel system of ensuring of national ecological safety.
In the field of nature projection activity ecological inspection of military objects improves considerably the state system of ecological monitoring and makes it more effective, flexible and operative. With the help of ecological inspection one may easily reach the results that could not be available by the through the state system of ecological control [3, 4].
The scheme of interaction of different state structures, systems and objects in a general system of national ecological safety is presented in fig. 5.
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Global safety
International safety
National ecological safety of
Ukraine
Regional ecological safety
Territorial ecological safety
Control, military managed, management
Local military ecological safety
Unit, |
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Fig. 4. Military objects in the system of national ecological safety.
General state system of ensuring ecological safety
General state policy in the field of sustained development of Ukraine
General system of ecological monitoring
General system of seismic observation and forecast of earthquakes
Hydro-meteorological service
General system of measures of forecasting and elimination of emergency situations
System of monitoring and |
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Radiation conditions |
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registration of nuclear materials |
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monitoring system |
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Set of environment |
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Forest fire control system |
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Fig. 5. Mechanism of formation of efficiency, profitability and productivity estimation of military ecological activity of Ministry
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3. Conclusions
1.Ecological inspection of military object is an integral part of the state system of stable development control of environment and the system of the civil control of military activities.
2.Ecological inspection of military objects may be effective under the provision of: objective information about all sources of environment impact due to military activities
of Ministry of Defense, as well as of other ministries and departments;
conducting of comprehensive analysis of activities of the Ministry of Defense with other state structures ensuring national safety;
creation of a general national system of continuous multilevel ecological monitoring.
3.The results of ecological inspection of military object are the basis for development of perspective ecological programs, plans of nature protection measures, formation of trends of ecological policy in a military sphere.
4.References
1. The Constitution of the Ukraine. Registers of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukraine - 1998, ʋ 30 (in Ukraine).
2.The Law of Ukraine “ Of the Environment protection” of 26.06.1991 (in Ukraine).
3.Economical audit. Textbook . V.Y. Shevchuk, Y.M. Satalkkin, V.M. Navrotsky - Kiev. Higher School 2000 - 344 pp. (in Ukraine).
4.National Standard of the Ukraine. ISO 14010—97.. Recommendations on ecological audit carrying put. General principles” (in Ukraine).
5.National Standard of the Ukraine. ISO 14011—97.. Recommendations on ecological audit carrying put. Qualification requirements for ecological auditors” (in Ukraine).
6.National Standard of the Ukraine. ISO 14012—97.. Recommendations on ecological audit carrying put. Audit procedures. Environment management system audit” (in Ukraine).
7.Lysenko O.I., Molozhanova O.G., Checanova I.V. The ways of water resource quality management in armed forces on the boundary of two thousand years. International scientific conference. Water quality and human health. Conference proceeding. Odessa –1999. pp 57-61 (in Ukraine).
THE PROCEDURE OF MILITARY SITES REHABILITATION WITH OPTIMAL PLANNING OF TENDER ORDERS
Y. BODRYK, S. CHUMACHENKO, A. NEVOLNICHENKO, V. SHEVCHENKO
National Research Center of Defense Technologies and Military Security of Ukraine. build 14, 2/32, Aviation Designer Antonov str. Kiev, 03186, UKRAINE
An urgent problem facing the MOD of Ukraine is the necessity of identification, classification and, whenever possible, rehabilitation of the polluted territories occupied by military units and organisations, especially if talking about military sectors.
For effective management of this process it is necessary to develop a procedure that reflects the order of carrying out of standard operations and documenting of the results [1]. The procedure developed on the basis of methods of risk analysis and operation research will allow rationally using available resources and to minimise damage caused to the environment.
The most widespread harmful substances, which are released in the environment due the activity of military units, are hydrocarbons, chemicals, and heavy metals. The sources of hydrocarbons and chemicals in the Armed Forces includes leaks of fuel storage tanks, spills resulting from damaged fuel pipelines, leachate from fire fighter training area. Heavy metals contamination is linked to waste disposal sites, in zones of arms manufacturing and maintenance. Considering the described character of pollution and the necessity of taking in account the site particularities the following procedure of identification, classification and subsequent clean up of the polluted territories can be offered, which defines the whole environment management process in places where military units are allocated or on military sectors.
The process can be broken at some stages, which include site characterisation, identification of major factors influencing the environment, selection of the rehabilitation technology based on the risk analysis, estimation of implied results, implementation of the selected management strategy and confirmation of the results by means of monitoring and testing. At each stage an estimation of contamination and its impact on the environment plays the essential role. The consecutive and complete fulfillment of the stages should ensure that funds are spent in a cost-effective manner.
The selection of a site rehabilitation technology or risk management option will be based on the information obtained during the site characterisation stage. The requirements concerning restoration depend on estimated contamination, its impact on the environment, cost, and the future implications of leaving the contamination in place (higher expenses on restoration are considered at the postponed measures, potential legal cost, risk to human health). During the detailed site investigation the received information is analysed together with the results of risk analysis and the data concerning pollution migration, that allows formulating different variants of the rehabilitation strategy.
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F. Brechignac and G. Desmet (eds.), Equidosimetry, 281–284.
© 2005 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands.
