Дроздова.English Grammar

EXERCISES

Ex. 27. (A, B) Put the verb in brackets into the Future Continuous.

1.Don’t ring her up at 12 o’clock. She (have) her music lesson.

2.At this time tomorrow the boys of our group (play) football.

3.When we arrive in St.-Petersburg, it probably (rain).

4.Itis late autumn, soon the leaves (fall).

5.Let's wait here; the Palace Bridge (open) in a minute to let that ship through.

Ex. 28. (A, B)Answerthe questions intheFutureContinuousTense, usingthegivensuggestions.

Example: What will he be doing tomorrow afternoon ? (drive to the seaside) He will be driving to the seaside.

1.What will she be doing on Sunday? (make a dress)

2.What will you be doing at this time next week? (bathe in the Black Sea)

3.What will grandfather be doing whqn we arrive? (work in the garden)

4.What will he be doing at the University for five years? (study law)

5.What will they be doing at this time tomorrow? (fly to Kiev)

6.What will she be doing at the concert tonight? (sing Russian folk-songs)

7.Whatwill he be doing atthis time the day aftertomorrow? (interviewa foreign delegation)

8.What will she be doing next term? (lecture at the Institute of Foreign Languages)

Ex. 29. (A, B) Extend the statements in theFuture Continuous Tense, using thewords in brackets.

Example: Don’t call for me at six. (have a bath)

Don’t call for me at six, I shall be having a bath.

1.Don’t ring them up at seven in the morning, (sleep)

2.Don’t send us any letters in June, (travel)

3.Don’t call on us tonight, (pack)

4.Don’t come to see her after lunch, (type)

5.Don’t leave the child alone, (cry)

6.Don’ttell Granny about it. (grumble)

7.Don’t expect him to come next Saturday, (work)

8.Don’t wait for Maggie tomorrow, (keep to her room)

Ex. 30. (A, B) Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite, the Future Indefinite and the Future Continuous.

1. When I (get) home, my animals (sit) at the door waiting for me. 2. It (be) the middle of June. They (come) soon. 3. Ifyou (want) to see us, come to Tom’s on Sunday. We (wait) for you there at midday. 4. At this time next week they (board) the plane to London. 5. They (have) English from nine to ten in this room. 6.1(wait) for you when you (come). 7. “I (call) for her at eight.” - “No, don’t; she still (sleep).” 8. They are so angry. A few more words and they (quarrel) again.

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Ex. 31. (В, С) Open the brackets. Use the Future Indefinite if the action is permanent, repeated or it is a one-time action. Use the Future Continuous to showthat the action is a temporary one, taking place at a given moment inthe future.

1. You (know) her. She (stand) at the news stand. She (wear) a scarlet rain coat. 2.1(tell) her everything and I (show) her the papers. I promise you she (not/smile) this time. 3. There (not/be) anyone in when we (come). The secretary (have) lunch. 4. It (rain) when we (get) there. 5. Go straight up the street. The car (wait) for you at the entrance to the department store. 6. We are much too early. There (be) no one there. 7. Of course, I (be) still here when you (return). I (mark) the papers. 8. Come and speak to me about it inyour lunch hour.

I (type) your stuff. 9.1don’t think she (be) there at thattime. She (sketch) somewhere along the coast. 10. No one (see) us come. They (have) tea on the terrace. 11. At this time she (do) her shopping. 12. When you (come) to Athens I (cross) the border.

Ex. 32. (В, C) Translate into English.

1. Мы не должны опаздывать. Они будут беспокоиться. 2. Мы сегодня идем в кино. Вы будете сидеть рядом со мной. 3. Нам нужно вернуться в 10 часов. Мама будет ждать нас. 4. “Вы будете обедать со мной в понедельник?” - “Я бы очень хотел, но боюсь, что в это время я буду сдавать экзамен.” 5. “Что они будут делать, когда мы приедем домой?” - “Я думаю, они будут читать.” 6. “Я недостаточно хорошо себя чувствую, чтобы ехать в аэропорт и встречать Элис.” - “Я встречу ее. Скажите, как я ее узнаю?” - “На ней будет ярко-зеленый костюм.” 7. Интересно, что мы будем делать через год и будем ли мы еще встречаться друг с другом. 8. “Мой сын в будущем году будет в девятом классе.” - “Значит, моя мама будет учить его английскому языку.” 9. Не говорите ей об этом, через минуту она будет плакать. 10. “Что вы будете делать в это время в следующую пятницу?” - “Как всегда, буду работать в саду.”

6.6 REVISION

EXERCISES___________________________

Ex. 33. (А, В, С) Open the brackets, using the appropriate tense forms.

1.I wondered why he (laugh). I could see nothing funny in what (go on).

2.What you two (talk) about? You (discuss) his plan?

3.You (leave) the town earlythis summer?

4.When you (speak) to her about her lessons?

5.She (wear) dark spectacles. They are not just sun glasses. She (not/see) verywell.

6.Why you (wear) sun glasses on a gray day like this?

7.He (live) with his parents now. I think, he (look) for ajob.

8.I could not see his face, he (sit) so that his face was in shadow.

9.When I (see) her last she (try) on hats at Angela’s.

10.For some fifteen minutes he (write) in silence without once raising his eyes fromwhat he (write).

11.We (walk) for some time. The road (get) worse, just a narrow goat trail.

12.You (leave) us soon. It (get) colder every day.

13.We were friendly at school. I still (see) him from time to time.

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14.You (hear) from me one of these days.

15.Phone as late as you can. I (be) up. I (watch)the football game on TV. It’s the semi-finals tonight.

16.The rain started when I (wait) for my bus.

17.Why did you speak to him so? He only (try) to help.

18.I hate the place in autumn. Italways (rain) there. It(rain) when we came and it (rain)when we left.

Ex. 34. (А, В, C) Translate into English.

I. Вы сегодня пойдете на лекцию по истории языка? 2. Нина пишет что-нибудь? 3. Вы долго ждали его вчера? 4. Почему вы в свитере и брюках? У вас сегодня урок ходьбы на лыжах? 5. Обычно он ждет меня у входа в метро, и мы едем домой вместе. 6. Вечно ты возражаешь. 7. Я не могу с Вами встретиться: завтра приезжает мама. 8. Ты что, целую библиотеку несешь в портфеле? Он очень тяжелый. 9. У нее обычно пять или шесть книг в сумке, поэтому она такая тяжелая. 10. День был очень холодный. На мне был свитер и лыжная куртка, и все же мне было очень холодно. II. Ты увидишь ее сегодня в институте? 12. Звонок раздался, когда я заканчивала писать сочинение. 13. Он вошел в комнату, где его ждал экзаменатор. 14. Кто-нибудь читает эту газету? Я хочу ее взять. 15. Где он сейчас работает? 16. Приходи сегодня, я буду ждать.

7. THE PERFECT FORMS

to have + Participle II

7.1 THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

	AFFIRMATIVE
1	have	worked
He	has	worked
She	has	worked
It	has	worked
We	have	worked
You	have	worked
They have		worked

	NEGATIVE			INTERROGATIVE
1	have	not	worked	Have	1	worked?
He	has	not	worked	Has	he	worked?
She	has	not	worked	Has	she	worked?
It	has	not	worked	Has	it	worked?
We	have	not	worked	Have we		worked?
You	have	not	worked	Have you		worked?
They	have	not	worked	Have they worked?

I’ve worked	I haven’t	worked
He’s worked	He hasn’t	worked

The Present Perfect is always connected with the present:

Present Perfect = Past + Present.

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1.Itdenotes a completed action connected with the present.

□I am a little frightened for I have lost myway.

□He has recovered from his illness (he is better now).

The only thing which matters here is the result: the time when the action took place is of no importance.

□I have seen this film (I can discuss itwith you now). Questions in the Present Perfect never start with when:

□When dM you see this film?

2.The Present Perfect is frequently used with:

a) the adverbs:

ever

never

just

already

yet

oflate/lately/recently

□I have never seen him.

□I have not spoken to her yet

b)this morning/evening, today, this week, this year

(when these periods are not finished at the time of speaking):

□Has Ann had a holiday thisyear?

□Have you seen him today?

c)the prepositions for, since:

□I have known her for two years.

□He has not seen his friends since last September.

□I haven’t seen him since he left for Moscow.

d)the expression: This ( it) is the first time:

□This is the first time he has driven a car.

3.The Present Perfect is not used in:

□Что Вы сказали? - What did you say?

□Я не слышал вашего вопроса. - 1did not hear your question.

□Я забыл. - I forgot.

□Теперь я понял. - Now I understand.

□Где Вы купили эту книгу? - Where did you buy the book?

EXERCISES________________________________________________________

Ex. 1. (A, B) Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect.

1.1don’t know this girl. I never (meet) her before. 2. “Where is Mother?” - ’’She just (go) out.” 3. “Don’t you knowwhatthe film is about?”- ”No, I (not/see) it.” 4. Don’tworry aboutthe letter. I already (post) it. 5. “Is he a good teacher?” - “Oh yes, he (help) me a lot.” 6.1know London perfectly well. I (be) there several times. 7 .1can’t find my umbrella. I think, some­ body (take) it by mistake. 8. “Do you speak Spanish?” - “No, I never (study) it.” 9. "Do you know where they have gone?” - “No, they (sell) their house and (not/leave) their new address.”

Ex. 2. (A, B) Answer the questions. Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect.

Example: Is his article ready? (write)

Yes, he has written it.

1.Are her rooms clean? (do)

2.Is our dinner ready, Mother? (cook)

3.Does she know the poem? (learn)

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4.Do you know this sort of pencil? (use)

5.Does he know how nice the cake is? (eat)

6.Do you know that your gloves are on the table? (find)

7.Is Bobby’s face clean? (wash)

8.Do you know how beautiful these songs are? (hear)

Ex. 3. (A, B) Put the verb in brackets into the Present Indefinite and the Present Perfect.

1. Look! They (stop). 2. I (want) to see you. I (not/see) youfor ages!	3.	“What (be) yo
name?” - “My name (be) always Cole.” 4. “You (read) this book?”- “Yes.” -	“Whatyou (think)

of it?” 5 .1(not/be) to a zoo before. It (be) a nice feeling to go somewhere you never (be) before. 6. “You (know) Nick?” - “Yes.” - “How long you (know) him?” - “I (know) himfor 10 years.” 7. There (be) a lot of things I (want) to do for a long time and I (not/do) them. 8. You (realize) we (know) each other for quite a period of time now? And this (be) the first occasion you (ask) me to come with you. 9. “You (know) the girl whojust (leave)the shop?” - “Yes, that (be) Bella York.” - “She (be) a customer of yours?” - “Not, exactly. She (be) here several times, but she never (buy) anything.” 10. Come in, I (be) awake since sun-up. 11.1 (not/see) your pictures for a long time. Can I look round? 12. It’ll be good to see him again. How long he (be) away? It(seem) ages. 13.1(know) you nearly all my life, but I never (see) you so excited aboutanything.

Ex. 4. (A, B) You are talking to a friend about the events in your family.

Make sentences from the given words according to the pattern.

Example: My brother Greg/graduate/from the University.

My brother Greg has graduated from the University.

You know, Elinor, a lot has changed in our family since we last met.

1.Father/get/a newjob/in South Africa.

2.He and Mother/leave/for Cape Town.

3.Mary/marry/an architect/from Canada.

4.l/pass/my/law/exams.

5.I/meet/the man/for me.

Ex. 5. (A, B) Read the situation and then write a suitable sentence. Use the verb given in brackets.

Example: Hugh is listening to some music. Itis a new cassette, (buy)

Hugh has bought a new cassette.

1.Andrew is sleeping soundly. Itis late morning, (oversleep)____________________

2.You are going to sitdown to dinner and discoverthere is no bread inthe house, (runout of) We____________________________________________________________

3.Last weekend Gen went mountain-walking. Now she is in bed. (to catch a bad cold)

4.Your neighbours were playing their VCR very loud. Now it’s quiet, (switch off)

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Ex. 6. (A, В) Usejust. Answer the questions using the words given.

Example: Could you lend me your dictionary? (sorry, l/just/give/it/to Mike)

Sorrv. I’ve just given it to Mike.

1.Has Mother come from the market? (yes/she/just/come/from the market)

2.Have you phoned Jack yet? (yes/l/just /phone/him)

3.Would you like some coffee? (no thanks/l/just/have/a cup)

Ex. 7. (A, B) Put in been or gone.

Example: Where’s Paul? - He has gone to the library.

We’ve been to the country today. Look, we’ve brought some flowers.

1.Where have you spent your holidays? - I’ve____________ to Italy.

2.Are you going to the shops? - No, I’ve just____________ to the shops.

3.Is Alex home? - No, he’s ____________to the park.

4.Are they both out? - Yes, they’ve both____________to the market.

Ex. 8. (A, B) Make sentences with already and yet.

Example: Don’t forget to pack some warm clothes. - I’ve already packed them. Have you typed the letters yet? - Yes, I’ve already typed them.

Have you bought that dress? - No, Ihaven’t bought it yet, but I’mgoing tobuyit.

1.Why don’t you have a bath? - ____________

2.Shall I buy some newspapers? - No,____________

3.Have you asked Jim yet? - Yes,____________

4.Have you invited Larry and Sue? - No, I___________ , but I am_____________

5.Has the manager arrived yet? - Yes,____________

6.Has Jill written to Dad? - No, she____________but she____________ tonight.

Ex. 9. (A, B) Use the words in brackets to make questions according to a pattern.

Example: (he/ever/paint/people) Has he everpainted people?

1.(you ever/be/to Scotland?)_________________________________________

2.(your parents/live/here all their lives?)_________________________________

3.(you/hear/this concert?)___________________________________________

4.(how manytimes/you/ be married?)___________________________________

5.(he/ever/meet/the President?)______________________________________

6.(you/ever/visit/the White House?)_____________________________________

Ex. 10. (A, B) Use the verb in brackets to complete the answers to the questions.

Example: Is he handsome? (seen)

Yes, he is the most handsome man I’ve everseen.

1.Is it a fast car? (drive)- Yes, it’s the fastest______________________________

2.Is it a warm coat? (have) - Yes, it’s the_________________________________

3.Are they nice people? (meet) - Yes, they are the_________________________

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Ex. 11. (A, В) Write questions and answers.

Example: You and your friend are swimming in the open sea.

You ask: Is this the first time you’ve swum in the open sea? Your friend: Yes. I’ve never swum in the open sea before.

No. it’s the second time I’ve swum in the sea this year.

1.Kate is skating. She’s doesn’t feel very confident. You ask: Is this the first time

Kate: Yes, I’ve No,

2.You are playing volley-ball. Ivy’s notvery good and isn’t sure about the rules.

You ask: Iw: Yes, No.

3.You met Nat at a party in Landon. He’s from America.

You:

Nat: Yes,

No,

Ex. 12. (A, B) Make questions using the words given.

Example: (anything/happen/recently?)

Has anvthina happened recently?

1.(vou/read/anv books recently?)

2.(vou/hear/from Tom in the past few days?)

3.(you/buv/any new records recently?)

4.(vou/eat/anvthina todav?)

5.(vou/see/anv qood films recently?)

6.(it/snow/here this year vet?)

Ex. 13. (A, В) Translate the questions and answers.

Example: Когда ты в последний раз видел Аню? - Я не видел ее с мая.

When did vou last see Ann? - 1haven’tseen her since Mav.

1.Когда в последний раз шел дождь? - Дождя не было целую вечность.

2.Когда они навещали вас в последний раз? - Они не навещали нас с июня.

3.Когда ты в последний раз играл в теннис? - Я уже давно не играл в теннис.

4.Когда ты в последний раз ела кокос? - Я никогда не ела кокос.

5.Когда ты в последний раз водил машину? - Я не водил машину шесть месяцев.

6.Когда ты в последний раз ездил в Канаду? - Я никогда не ездил в Канаду.

7.Когда она тебе писала в последний раз? - Она не писала с прошлого лета.

Ex. 14. (A, B) Translate into English using the Present Perfect Tense.

1. Они построили новый дом. Ты его видел? 2. Ты показал маме свою картину? - Нет, она еще не готова. 3. Я посмотрел этот фильм. Аты? - Да. Это интересный фильм. 4. Ты был вЛондонском зоопарке? - Да. 5. Отец только что вернулся с моря. 6. Возьмите эти журналы. Я уже прочитал их. 7. Вы были когда-нибудь в Греции? - Да, это очень красивая страна. 8. Мы еще не сделали опыт. 9. Она никогда не переводила такие

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трудные статьи. 10. Я звонил ему три раза сегодня. 11. Сегодня он уехал в Нью-Йорк. 12. Ты видел директора сегодня? - Нет.

Ex. 15. (В, С) Translate into English. The first sentence is done for you.

1.Я звоню тебе уже третий раз за вечер.

It’s the third time I’ve phoned vou this evening.

2.Ты опоздала уже второй раз на этой неделе.

3.Машина ломается уже третий раз за месяц.

4.Я выпила уже пятую чашку кофе за вечер.

7.2THE PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST INDEFINITE (SIMPLE)

a)Do not use the Present Perfect (I have done) when you are talking about a finished time inthe past (forexample: lastTuesday, sevenyearsago, in 1995, whenI wasastudent).

Use the Past Indefinite:

□ Ilost my English book yesterday, (not ‘has lost’)

□ Did you see the football match on television lastnighf? (not ‘have you seen’) □ Father retired from his job a yearago. (not ‘has retired’)

□ Iswam in the lake when Iwas a child, (not ‘have swum’)

To ask when something happened, use the Past Indefinite Tense:

□What time did they start? (not‘have they started’)

□When was he born? (not ‘has he been born’)

COMPARE:

□ Ihave lost my English book. (Present Perfect)

Here Iam not thinking of the past action; Iam thinking of the present result ofthe action: Iam without an English book now.

□ I lost my English book yesterday. (Past Indefinite)

Here Iam thinking of the action in the past. Idon’t say whether Iam still without a book.

b)Now compare these sentences: Present Perfect (I have done)

□I’ve seen Margaret today.

Today is a period of time which continues up to present. Itis not a finished time.

So we use the Present Perfect.

Past Indefinite (I did)

□I saw Margaret yesterday.

Yesterdayisafinishedtimeinthepast. So we use the Past Indefinite.

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today	yesterday
past.....(unfinishedtime)........present	past.....(finishedtime)......present
□ I haven't had holidays this year.	□ I didn’t have holidays lastyear.
□ Haveyou spokenio Jill this morning'?	□ Did you speak to Jill thismorning?
(Itis still morning).	(Itis afternoon now)
□ Have you been ill recently?	□ Were you ill last week?
□ Brian has lived in Ireland for 6 years	□ Brian lived in Wales for 10years
(He still lives there).	(He no longer lives there).
□ I have never ridden a horse (in my life).	□ I didn’t ride when I was on holiday
	lastsummer.
The Present Perfect always has	The Past Indefinite tells us only
a connection with the present.	about the past.

EXERCISES ___________________________

Ex. 16. (A, B) Read the situation and then write a sentence.

Example: Ten minutes ago Granny lost her glasses. Now she has them on her nose, (lose/find) Grannylosther glasses butnowshe has found them.

1.Harrywent to Egypt but now he is back in Ireland again,

(go/come back) Harrv

but now

2.I lived in the centre but now I live in a new district, (live/move)

3.I had long hair. Now I wear it short, (have/cut)

4.Ten years ago 1met Fran. We are great friends now.

(meet/become) 1

and we

5.He travelled to the North last year. You can read about it in his book, (travel/write)

6.They bought a house three years ago. Now other people live in it. (buv/sell)

Ex. 17. (A, B) Read the sentences below and correct those which are wrong.

Example: Have you written to Barry Lane yet?	RIGHT.
В. Shaw has written the play Pigmalion.	WRONG - wrote.

1.Newton has been an English physicist._________________________________

2.Oh, vou have come just in time. We’re beginning in a moment.________________

3.Who has inventedtelephone?________________________________________

4.Have you heard? Paul bought a new car!________________________________

5.Oh, I broke my pencil. Can you lend me yours?___________________________

6.Mv great-grandfather travelled to Indiaonce. _____________________________

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Ex. 18. (A, В) Put the verb in brackets into the correct form.

Example: A.: There’s a cat in the room. Who has let (let) it in?

B.: Well, it was (be) Ben, I’msure.

1.A.: Your hedge is so trim now._______________________________ (you/cut) it? B.: Yes.

A.:_____________________________________________ (you/cut) ityourself? B.: No, Mr Barry_______________________________________ (cut) it for me.

2.A.:_______________________________________ (you/speak) to Ellen yet? B.: Yes. I_______________________ (phone/she) this morning. (It’s evening now) A.: What__________________________________ (she/tell) you about her trip?

Ex. 19. (A, B) Make sentences using the words given.

Examples: (l/write/letters/yesterday) I wrote five letters yesterday.

(Hpw many letters/you/write/today?) How many letters have vou written today?

1.(they/not/phone/so far/today)_______________________________________

2.(how manytimes/phone/you/him/yesterday?)____________________________

3.(he/come/to see us/three times/this month)_____________________________

4.(it/not/rain/so far/this summer)______________________________________

5.(how many shoes/you/buy/this season?)________________________________

Ex. 20. (A, B) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form, the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite.

Example: I first saw (see) him when he came to visit his aunt.

1.	Mr Haves	(work) as a solicitor when he lived here.
2.	The Darcies live in Shancarrig. They	(live) there for 5 years now.
3.	Mv Grandparents are old. They	(be) married for 55 years.
4.	When I last saw him. he	(be) 10 years old.
5.	The summer	(be) very hot so far. don’t vou think?
6.	Mr Blake died 10 years ago. I	(never/meet) him.
7.	He doesn’t know my husband. He	(never/meet) him.

Ex. 21. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form, the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite.

I.(A, B)

1.A.:You ever (visit) Chicago?

B.: Yes, I (be) there several timec. C.: Yes, I (be) there a few years ago.

2.A.: You (be) at the Ryan’s lately? B.: Yes, I_______________

C.: Yes, I (go) there last night.

3.A.: He (speak) to you about his plans recently? B.: No, he_______________

C.: No, he (go) to Vilnius last week and (not / arrive) yet.

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