3. Fill in the gaps in the model answer below. Use one word in each gap.
The charts below show the number and types of books bought by men and women and four different age groups in the UK.
S
ummarise
the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.
The charts give information about the types of books that British men and women and different age groups buy. The initial impression from the charts is that women tend to buy 1. more books than men overall although they buy slightly 2.__________ non-fiction books. The people that buy the 3. __________ books are in the 45+ age group.
Nearly 60% of women buy fiction, which is almost 4. __________ as many as the number of men who choose this type of book. Nevertheless, most age groups buy 5. __________ fiction books than non-fiction ones showing that non-fiction is generally 6. __________ popular than fiction.
The number of people buying fiction increases steadily from ages 16 to 45 with the 7.__________ number of books, at just over 40% of the age group, bought by 16- to 24-year-olds and the 8. __________ number, at just over 50%, bought by the over 45s.
However, the pattern is different for non-fiction. The number of books bought by 25- to 44-year-olds is 9. __________ lower than the number bought by 16- to 24-year-olds and those over 45. Just over 40% of 16- to 24-year-olds buy non-fiction, but this number is not 10. __________ high as the number of people aged 45 and over buying non-fiction, at nearly 60%. Only 31% of 35- to 44-year-olds buy non-fiction, and the number of 24- to 34-year-olds is 11. __________ lower at 28%.
/From Cambridge Grammar for IELTS, Diana Hopkins with Pauline Cullen/
Grammar Modal verbs ‘Obligation and Permission’
have to/don’t have to
Who can say the following statements?
A. Rod, retired man B. Jack, the teenager C. Laura, the businesswoman.
_C__ “I have to wear smart suits.”
___ “I always have to be home before midnight.”
___ “My dad usually has to work in the evenings.”
___ “I don’t have to get up at 6.30 a.m. any more.”
___ “My husband has to take our children to school every morning.”
___ “My wife has to go to hospital every week.”
___”I have to get good marks in my exams/”
___ “My little sister doesn’t have to help with the housework.”
___ “I often have to travel overseas.”
Write the questions using the statements from exercise 1.
Why do you have to wear smart suits?
Because I have to meet a lot of important people.
Why ____________________________ ?
Because I work for an international company.
Why _____________________________ ?
Because my parents say that I have to.
Why ______________________________ ?
Because I don’t have to catch the 7.32 a.m. train to work.”
Why ________________________________ ?
Because he’s a teacher and he has to mark homework.
Why ___________________________________ ?
Because she broke her arm and she has to have physiotherapy.
Why ___________________________________ ?
Because mum says that she is still too young.
Why ________________________________ ?
Because I start work very early and he doesn’t have to be at work until 9.30 a.m.
Why __________________________________ ?
Because I want to go to a good university.
Forms of have to. Complete the sentences with a suitable form of have to.
I’m having to work very hard at the moment because I have an exam next week.
You won’t have work hard after your exam. You can have a holiday.
My aunt’s a police officer so she _________ wear a uniform at work, but my uncle’s a taxi driver so he __________ wear one.
When I was a teenager, we _________ be home by nine o’clock. But we __________ take as many exams as teenagers nowadays.
My teeth hurt when I drink something cold. I think I _________ see the dentist soon.
Nobody enjoys _____________ get up at five o’clock in the morning.
__________ your grandfather ____________ start work when he was only fourteen?
You _______________ speak Russian to travel around Moscow, but it helps.
If you lose your job, ___________ we ________ sell the car?
___________ we _______________ have fish for supper again?
Can and be allowed to. Who says these sentences?
1.“You can’t park there. I’ll give a parking ticket.”
A traffic warden in the street
2.“I’m sorry, sir, but you can’t get on the plane without a passport.”
___________________________________________________
3.“You aren’t allowed to look at your notes during the exam.”
___________________________________________________
4. “Shh. You can’t talk in here. People are studying.”
___________________________________________________
5. “You can take your seat-belt off now and walk around, but you aren’t allowed to smoke, and you can/t use personal computers or mobile phones.”
______________________________________________________
6. “We’re allowed to make one phone call a week, and we can go to the library, but we spend most of the time in our cells.”
______________________________________________________